Pharmacology

The physician prescribes Nexium (Esomeprazole) for a patient who is suffering from gastric ulcer. The nurse should give the medication:

1 point

A. After lunch

B. Before bedtime

C. 30 mins before the meal

D. 60 mins after the meal

Clear selection

A nurse caring for patient receiving pancreatic enzymes as replacement therapy should be assessing the patient for

1 point

a) Hypertension

b) Cardiac arrhythmias

c) Excessive weight gain

d) Signs of GI irritation

Clear selection

Mary is 24 weeks pregnant and she has been complaining of a burning sensation in her chest. The physician prescribed an antacid. Which one of the following is an antacid?

1 point

A. Zantac

B. Maalox

C. Nexium

D. Pantecta

Clear selection

Misoprostol (cytotec) is a prostaglandin ordered for patients to

1 point

a) Prevent uterine contractions

b) Prevent NSAID-related gastric ulcers in patients at high risk

c) Decrease hyperacidity with meals and at bedtime

d) Relieve the burning associated with hiatal hernia at night.

Clear selection

When the nurse is administering a proton pump inhibitor(PPI), which action by the nurse is correct?

1 point

a) Giving the PPI on an empty stomach

b) Giving the PPI with meals

c) Instructing the patient to open the capsule and chew the contents for best absorption.

d) Administering the PPI only when the patient complains of heartburn

Clear selection

What is the drug action of lubricants?

1 point

A. When there is a need to increase the motility of the GI tract.

B. When a thorough evacuation of the intestine is desirable.

C. To make defecation easier without stimulating the movements of the GI tract

D. To slow down the motility of the tract to make defecation more effective

Acid rebound is a condition that occurs when

1 point

a) Lowering gastric acid to an alkaline level stimulates the release of gastric acid

b) Raising gastric acid levels causes heartburn

c) Combining protein, calcium, and smoking greatly elevates gastric acid levels

d) Eating citrus fruit neutralizes gastric acid.

Clear selection

The patient will have the best therapeutic results if Sucralfate is taken:

1 point

A. Before bedtime

B. With lunch

C. One hour after a meal

D. One hour before meals

Mr. Johnson has not had a bowel action in 3 days. A bulk stimulant was ordered for him. Which of the following is an example of bulk stimulant?

1 point

a) Epsom salts

b) Milk of magnesia

c) Metamucil (psyllium)

d) All of the above

Which statement is INCORRECT about Histamine 2 receptor antagonist?

1 point

A. Ranatidine (Zantac) and Cimetidine (Tagamet) are examples of H2 receptor antagonist.

B. It is a popular class of drug for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease.

C. H2 blockers block histamine which causes the chief cells to decrease the secretion of hydrochloric acid.

D. H2 blockers block histamine receptors on the parietal cells which inhibits the production of gastrin and hydrochloric acid.

A nursing student asked her nurse- in- charge of serving medication about the indication for serving Histamin-2 Antagonists medication, her response:

1 point

a) Long term treatment of active duodenal ulcer

b) Long term treatment of benign gastric ulcer

c) Treatment of erosive gastroesophageal reflux

d) All of the above

Histamine-2 Antagonists is one class of drugs used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease and ulcer disease in humans, an example of this drug is

1 point

a) Omeprazole

b) Cimetidine

c) Misoprostol

d) Sucralfate

Clear selection

What is the drug action of a proton pump inhibitor?

1 point

A. It increases the production of hydrochloric acid.

B. It increases the production of pepsin and gastrin

C. This drug works by forming an ulcer adherent complex at the duodenal ulcer site which protects it from acids, pepsin and bile salts.

D. Acts by directly inhibiting the release of the hydrogen–potassium adenosine triphosphatase (H+, K+-ATPase) enzyme system, thereby inhibiting the production of hydrochloric acid.

Clear selection

Bulk stimulants are a class of drugs that treats short-term constipation and it works by:

1 point

A. By blocking dopamine receptors and making the GI cells more sensitive to acetylcholine, which leads to increased GI activity and rapid movement of food through the upper GI tract.

B. These drugs form a slippery coat on the contents of the intestinal tract; less water is absorbed out of the stool, and the stool is less likely to become hard or impacted.

C. Directly stimulates the nerve plexus in the intestinal wall, causing increased movement and the stimulation of local reflexes.

D. They absorb water into the intestine, which increases bulk and distends the bowel to initiate reflex bowel activity, thus promoting a bowel movement.

A bulk stimulant will be ordered for clients:

1 point

a) When there is a need to increase the motility of the GI tract.

b) When a thorough evacuation of the intestine is desirable

c) To make defecation easier without stimulating the movements of the GI tract

d) To slow down the motility of the tract to make defecation more effective

Clear selection

Mr. Harrison has not had a bowel action in 4 days. A bulk stimulant was ordered for him. Which of the following is an example of bulk stimulant?

1 point

A. Tums

B. Glycerin

C. Dulcolax

D. Milk of Magnesia

Clear selection

Which one of the following instructions is fundamental for the nurse to give to the client who is taking Omeprazole?

1 point

A. Take the tablet whole and do not crush.

B. Dissolve the tablet in water and then consume.

C. Instruct patient to eat only two large meals for the day.

D. Crush the tablet and set it aside for ten minutes before swallowing.

Which of the following antacids is the oldest drug in this group, is readily available in many preparations including as an injectable for treating systemic acidosis

1 point

a) Calcium salts

b) Aluminum salts

c) Magaldrate

d) Sodium bicarbonate

Clear selection

A patient who is taking oral tetracycline complains of heartburn and requests an antacid. Which action by the nurse is correct?

1 point

a) Give the tetracycline, but delay the antacid for 1 to 2 hours

b) Give the antacid, but delay the tetracycline for at least 4 hours

c) Administer both medications together

d) Explain that the antacid cannot be given while the patient is taking the tetracycline

Clear selection

Name *

Which one of the following will prohibit the use of Cytotec?

1 point

A. A pregnant woman

B. A patient who had open heart surgery

C. A patient who had a hip replacement

D. A patient who recently had a lower respiratory tract infection.

Clear selection

Laxative or cathartic drugs is ordered for clients:

1 point

a) When there is a need to increase the motility of the GI tract.

b) When a thorough evacuation of the intestine is desirable

c) To make defecation easier without stimulating the movements of the GI tract

d) To slow down the motility of the tract to make defecation more effective

Clear selection

Proton Pump Inhibitors is another class of drugs used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease and ulcer disease in humans, an example of this drug is

1 point

a) Omeprazole

b) Cimetidine

c) Misoprostol

d) Sucralfate

Email *

This drug works primarily by neutralizing gastric acidity. They do not prevent the over production of acid but instead help neutralize acid secretions.

1 point

A. Histamine 2 receptor antagonist

B. Antacids

C. Proton pump inhibitors

D. GI protectants

A client is diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer. The physician prescribes Sucralfate. Which statement made by the nurse correctly explains the action of this medication?

1 point

A. This drug blocks the release of hydrochloric acid in response to gastrin.

B. This drug works by forming an ulcer adherent complex at the duodenal ulcer site which protects it from acids, pepsin and bile salts.

C. This drug directly inhibits the release of the hydrogen–potassium adenosine triphosphatase (H+, K+-ATPase) enzyme system.

D. This drug neutralizes the stomach acid by directly affecting the chemical reaction by increasing the pH.

A patient had an open-heart surgery post-op day 4 and the patient complains that he is constipated. Which of the following drug will be ordered by the cardiologist in order to alleviate the constipation?

1 point

A. Lactulose

B. Lomotil

C. Imodium

D. Maalox

Quiz Questions

Antacids that lead to diarrhea:

1 point

Magnesium hydroxide

Sodium bicarbonate

Aluminum hydroxide

Calcium bicarbonate

Mrs. George is travelling to go to Atlanta for a conference. However, she gets anxious when she has to travel by plane and as a such she has been having diarrhea. Which drug can be prescribed to Mrs. George in order to inhibit the diarrhea? *

1 point

B. Imodium

D. Glycerin

C. Dulcolax

A. Calcium salts

A client has been prescribed with chronic pancreatitis has been prescribed with Pancrelipase (Pancrease), which is a pancreatic enzyme. Which of the following symptoms would prompt the nurse that the medication is having its therapeutic effect?

1 point

A. Constipation

B. Excessive diarrhea

C. More bulk in the stool

D. Decrease fat in the stool

All of the following are non-systemic antacids except?

1 point

Aluminum hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide

Magnesium Trisilicate

Sodium Bicarbonate

What is the most appropriate drug that should be prescribed to a person who suffers from nausea and vomiting while travelling in a vehicle?

1 point

A. Nexium

B. Gravol

C. Maxalon

D. Maalox

All of the following ulcer healing drugs work by inhibiting acidity in the stomach EXCEPT

1 point

Sucralfate

Antimuscuranics

H2 receptor blockers

Antacids

Clear selection

Lactulose is an example of:

1 point

Bulk forming agent

Stimulant purgative

Osmotic purgative

Stool softener

Clear selection

Mr. Ford has been experiencing some discomfort while passing stool for the past two weeks. He is going to have a colonoscopy tomorrow. What medication should be given to Mr. Ford the day before surgery in order to ensure that the colon is free of any stool? *

1 point

A. Kytril

B. Maalox

C. Dulcolax

D. Lactulose

Esomeprazole acts by inhibiting:

1 point

H+NA+ATpase

H+K+ATpase pump

Any of these

H+pump

Clear selection

Gynecomastia is a side effect of which one of the following H2 receptor blocker?

1 point

Ranitidine

Famotidine

Cimetidine

Nazatidine

Which one of the following conditions is a contraindication for the administration of Maxalon?

1 point

A. Urinary tract infection

B. Gastrointestinal bleeding

C. Upper respiratory tract infection

D. Lower respiratory tract infection

Clear selection

Proton pump are most effective when they are given:

1 point

During prolonged fasting periods

After meals

Along with H2 blockers

Shortly before meals

Clear selection

Mr. Moore has been diagnosed with appendicitis. Which one of the following class of drugs should NOT be prescribed to Mr. Moore? *

1 point

B. Antibiotic

D. Proton pump inhibitor

A. Laxative

C. Analgesic

Despite their short half lives (2 hours) proton ump inhibitors cause a long surpression of acid secretion up to 48 hours because:

1 point

They are prodrugs and undergo activity gradually

They are available as enteric coated capsules, from which drug is gradually released

They irreversibly inhibit the proton pump molecule, and hence acid secretion requires synthesis of new proton pumps.

When mixed with water their half life is prolonged

Mrs. Bentley has recently started chemotherapy and has not been eating her meals because she has been feeling nauseous and vomits frequently after she eats her meals. What is the best drug that should be prescribed for Mrs. Bentley?

1 point

A. Nexium

B. Maalox

C. Maxalon

D. Omeprazole

what is the point of a rotavirus vaccine if studies show almost all children at some point develop a rotavirus infection, often times more than once? Are there different strains of rotavirus like the flu? Thank you!

1. Outline your understandings of the followings:

1. Why it is so difficult for hospital managers to establish specific objectives in all areas of the hospital especially in treatment areas.

2. Why diagonal communication is domain and mostly used as a method of communication among the hospital departments and units especially the medical and other health units and groups.

3. Why Hospitals must be licensed from the higher health authorities in their countries in order to be allowed to provide any type of health care services? Whilst, it is not necessarily for hospitals to be accredited in order to provide such services.

4. Administrative and health care scholars and practitioners   agreed that "coordination in business and healthcare organizations is the essence of managerial functions of managers. Do you agree or not? Defend your answer.

5. Planning especially health & hospital planning does not guarantee success. However, despite this limitation, planning is not a useless exercise. It is a tool to be used with caution". Do you agree or not? Clarify your answer.

SELECT THE RIGHT ANSWER

QUES :

The nurse is preparing to perform a moist-to-dry dressing change on a patient with a large dehisced surgical wound of the abdomen. The nurse begins to organize the supplies and knows to prioritize which nursing intervention?

Select one:

a. Gather all the needed dressing and treatment supplies.

b. Protect the patient’s bedding using waterproof pads.

c. Ensure privacy during the dressing change.

d. Administer pain medication before the dressing change.

QUES :

The nurse is performing skin check rounds on the stroke rehabilitation unit. While assessing a patient’s skin, the nurse notices an unstageable pressure injury on the left heel covered with a layer of dark, dry eschar. Which intervention is the appropriate next action?

Select one:

a. Obtain an order for enzymatic debridement.

b. Obtain an order for moist-to-dry debridement interventions.

c. Complete a vascular assessment to determine if debridement is appropriate.

d. Document the presence of the wound and notify the practitioner.

QUES :

A 52-year-old person with diabetes presents for ankle–brachial index (ABI) assessment. The left leg is dusky red and cool to touch while the right leg appears normal. The person has no sensation from the knees and reports no pain. ABI calculation is 1.1 on the left side and 1.3 on the right side. What is the correct interpretation?

Select one:

a. ABI is normal but clinical indications are inconsistent; further testing is recommended.

b. ABI is low; client should be referred for vascular surgery.

c. ABI is normal; no further action required.

d. ABI is elevated; client should be referred for toe–brachial index.

QUES :

The patient’s postoperative wound drain was removed yesterday. Today, the nurse notes increased drainage on the dressing, pain at the wound site, and a low-grade fever. What should the nurse conclude from these findings?

Select one:

a. These signs and symptoms suggest an infection at the wound site.

b. These changes in wound drainage require replacement of the wound drain.

c. These changes indicate a normal postoperative wound healing process.

d. These changes indicate a normal postoperative wound healing process.

Mrs. C, is a 79-year-old woman is newly admitted to the geriatric rehabilitation unit on 11/06/2020 after having a hip replacement two days ago (11/4/2020).

Her medical history includes high blood pressure, type II diabetes and osteoporosis and mild dementia. She is complaining of 8/10 pain, poor appetite and states she is very nervous about physical therapy “breaking her new hip.” She is refusing her morning bath and ADL’s stating “my daughter will help me when she gets here”. Mrs. C. was noted to be dizzy when out of bed with physical therapy and nursing assistance yesterday (11/05/20). Upon examination you note the following: blood pressure is within normal limits, pulse 108 BPM. Respiratory rate is 22. It is 11:00am and she has not voided, she took only a few sips of water, refusing breakfast. She has had no visitors since her admission.

I. What additional information related to Mrs. C.’s condition & concerns should be included in your initial nursing history and assessment? (1 point)

II. Formulate three nursing diagnosis for Mrs. C. (1 point)

1. Physiological

2. Psychosocial

3. Safety

4. Patient education

III. Develop an ISBAR report addressing one of the patient concerns identified within the scenario as a communication report to a selected health care team member. (1 point)

IV. Identify members of the multidisciplinary team that you would want to include in caring for Mrs. C. (Provide rationale). (1 point)

Sample (I)SBAR Format (Refer to pages 474-477)

Identity/Introduction: Communicate who you are, where you are, and why you are communicating.

Situation or Problem: Communicate is going on with the patient. Brief summary

Explain in details diagnosis process and different treatment strategies of Migraine?

In Your Words

Based on CHAPTER 11 Healthcare Law- Basics of the U.S. Health Care System (4th Edition), please provide an explanation of the following concepts in your own words as they apply to healthcare law.

Criminal law:

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

Civil law:

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

Battery:

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

Defensive medicine:

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

Torts:

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

Affirmative action plan:

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

Qui tam:

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

Standard of care:

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

Job lock:

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

Privacy rule:

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

Current Events

Perform an Internet search and find a current events topic over the last 3 years that is related to this chapter 11 Healthcare Law - Basics of the U.S. Health Care System (4th Edition). Provide a summary of the article and the link to the article and explain how the article relates to the chapter.

Numerous factors affect the rate of absorption of a drug in an individual. Identify and explain the impact of at least three of these factors.

The decision to use a particular drug formulation is based on many factors, including onset of action, physician/patient preferences, and the available routes of administration. Describe one to two instances where an injectable route of administration might be preferred over an oral route. Identify the advantages to using an injectable route in those scenarios.

Define adverse, allergic, and anaphylactic shock reactions. Compare and contrast an allergic reaction from an anaphylactic shock. What pharmaceuticals are used to treat these conditions?

47. A nurse is teaching a client who has Graves' disease about recognizing the manifestations of thyroid storm. Which of the following findings should the nurse includes in the teaching?

1. Hypotension
2. Increased temperature
3. Decreased heart rate
4. Lethargy

48. A nurse is caring for a female client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition without fat emulsion. Which of the following findings should the nurse report?

1. Bowel sounds absent in lower quadrants
2. Crackles in the bilateral lung bases
3. Weight gain of 1.3 kg (3 lb) over the past 7 days
4. Triglyceride 110 mgidl

49. A nurse is planning care for a client who has full thickness burns on the lower extremities. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include?

1. Provide a diet of fresh fruits and vegetables for the client.
2. Apply new gloves when alternating between wound care sites.
3. Limit visitation time for the client's children to 40 min per day.
4. Clean the equipment in the client's room once per week.

50. A nurse is teaching a client how to use a quad cane for ambulation following a right-hemispheric stroke. Which of the following client actions indicates an understanding of the teaching?

1. Client moves the cane 2 feet ahead
2. Client takes a step before advancing the cane
3. Client holds the cane with the left hand
4. Client advances the weaker leg forward first

State the Etiology, Prognosis, and Complications for Acute stress disorder and Fractures.