Question

1. Explain the normal processes of childbirth: premonitory signs, mechanisms of birth, and stages and phases of labor.
2. Explain how false labor differs from true labor.
3. Describe environmental hazards that may adversely affect the outcome of pregnancy.

Answer 1

•ANSWER•1

Process of labor - labor is the process of event during expulsion of fetus,placenta with membrane through birth canal to external world

•Premonitory sign- premonitoring sign of labor are the sign of indicate nearing of child birth or labor .which are,

°Lightening - Lightening means drop down of head of fetus in pelvic cavity .if it would be occur ,indicate the nearing sign of labor

° Show- Mucus and bloody show through birth canal is also premonitory sign of labor.

° Lower abdominal pain- Lower abdominal pain radiate to thigh is also indicate the premonitory sign of labor.

•Mechanism of labor- mechanism of labor following step .which are,

°Engagement- Engagement means fetus going in to the pelvic.

°Descent- descent is continuous process of undergoes through the birth canal.

°Flexion- Flexion is the process of bending fetal head to chest .

°Internal rotation- Internal rotation means turning of fetal head and shoulder to left side.

°Extension- Extension of head after delivery of neck.

°Restitution- Realignment of body and fetal head.

°External Rotation- Turning of shoulder and fetal head left to right side.

°Explusion- Coming out of whole body from the birth canal.

•Stage of labor- labor consist of four stage.

°First stage- when start contraction and dilate the cervix 0 to 10 cm .

°Second stage- second stage of start from full ripen cervix till delivery of fetus .

°Third stage- Third stage of labor start just after the delivery of baby till delivery of placenta.

°Fourth stage- start from the just after delivery of placenta to 4 hour in the post partum period.

•ANSWER•2

•True labor pain are different from the true labor pain because ,  false labor pain not radiate to thigh and contractions are not coming to closer