Question
In: Finance
1. To maintain a strong credit rating, Freedom will borrow $1.2 million today to finance the...
1. To maintain a strong credit rating, Freedom will borrow $1.2 million today to finance the Ingleburn facility’s expansion. The ten-year principal-and-interest loan has annual interest repayments of $147,949 (assuming a 4% p.a. rate). Freedom’s accountant confirms that interest is classified as a business expense and is tax deductible.
2. There is an anticipated expense of $180,000 to install the equipment associated with the Ingleburn expansion, and a $50,000 cost to upgrade the electricity supply required to commence operations. According to the ATO both of these items are classified as a business expense. The manager of the Ingleburn facility would prefer to classify these expenses as assets and therefore depreciate them over the ten-year project life to give the appearance of higher profitability for the 2018 financial year. The manager is budgeting to achieve a net profit for 2018 of $1.22 million and increasing it by $150,000 for 2019.
3. You assume that the Ingleburn building can be sold for $1.9 million in the year 2028, and at any point in time the equipment will have a resale value of $650,000. In ten years’ time Freedom assumes that it will have cash holdings of $12 million. You note the ATO regulation that all non-current assets be depreciated to zero.
a) Identify the cash flows at the start
b) Identify the cash flows over the life
c) Identify the cash flows at the end
Solutions
Expert Solution
| Assets | Fair value | Depreciation pa = FV/ project term in years |
| Installation | 1,80,000 | 18000 |
| Upgradation cost | 50,000 | 5000 |
| P+I calculation | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 |
| Principal to be paid pa | 1,00,000 | 1,00,000 | 1,00,000 | 1,00,000 | 1,00,000 | 1,00,000 | 1,00,000 | 1,00,000 | 1,00,000 | 1,00,000 | 3,00,000 |
| Principal left = Previous Principal left - Principal to be paid | 12,00,000 | 11,00,000 | 10,00,000 | 9,00,000 | 8,00,000 | 7,00,000 | 6,00,000 | 5,00,000 | 4,00,000 | 3,00,000 | - |
| Interest paid = Pricipal left * i% | 48,000 | 44,000 | 40,000 | 36,000 | 32,000 | 28,000 | 24,000 | 20,000 | 16,000 | 12,000 | 12,000 |
| Payment on long term debt = Interest + Principal to be paid | 1,48,000 | 1,44,000 | 1,40,000 | 1,36,000 | 1,32,000 | 1,28,000 | 1,24,000 | 1,20,000 | 1,16,000 | 1,12,000 | 3,12,000 |
| Tax calculation | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 |
| Net income | 12,20,000 | 15,00,000 | 15,00,000 | 15,00,000 | 15,00,000 | 15,00,000 | 15,00,000 | 15,00,000 | 15,00,000 | 15,00,000 | 15,00,000 |
| Principal + Interest to be paid | 1,48,000 | 1,44,000 | 1,40,000 | 1,36,000 | 1,32,000 | 1,28,000 | 1,24,000 | 1,20,000 | 1,16,000 | 1,12,000 | 3,12,000 |
| Taxable income (Net income - Interest paid) | 10,72,000 | 13,56,000 | 13,60,000 | 13,64,000 | 13,68,000 | 13,72,000 | 13,76,000 | 13,80,000 | 13,84,000 | 13,88,000 | 11,88,000 |
| Tax (@20%) | 2,14,400 | 2,71,200 | 2,72,000 | 2,72,800 | 2,73,600 | 2,74,400 | 2,75,200 | 2,76,000 | 2,76,800 | 2,77,600 | 2,37,600 |
| Cashflow statement | |||||||||||
| 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | |
| Operating activities | |||||||||||
| Net income | 12,20,000 | 15,00,000 | 15,00,000 | 15,00,000 | 15,00,000 | 15,00,000 | 15,00,000 | 15,00,000 | 15,00,000 | 15,00,000 | 15,00,000 |
| Principal + Interest to be paid | 1,48,000 | 1,44,000 | 1,40,000 | 1,36,000 | 1,32,000 | 1,28,000 | 1,24,000 | 1,20,000 | 1,16,000 | 1,12,000 | 3,12,000 |
| Less: Tax (@30%) | 2,14,400 | 2,71,200 | 2,72,000 | 2,72,800 | 2,73,600 | 2,74,400 | 2,75,200 | 2,76,000 | 2,76,800 | 2,77,600 | 2,37,600 |
| Add: depreciation expense | |||||||||||
| Installation asset | 18000 | 18000 | 18000 | 18000 | 18000 | 18000 | 18000 | 18000 | 18000 | 18000 | 18000 |
| Upgradation cost as aseet | 5000 | 5000 | 5000 | 5000 | 5000 | 5000 | 5000 | 5000 | 5000 | 5000 | 5000 |
| Total | 8,80,600 | 11,07,800 | 11,11,000 | 11,14,200 | 11,17,400 | 11,20,600 | 11,23,800 | 11,27,000 | 11,30,200 | 11,33,400 | 9,73,400 |
| Investing activities | |||||||||||
| Sale of Building | 19,00,000 | ||||||||||
| Beginning cash flow | 0 | 8,80,600 | 19,88,400 | 30,99,400 | 42,13,600 | 53,31,000 | 64,51,600 | 75,75,400 | 87,02,400 | 98,32,600 | 1,09,66,000 |
| Ending cash flow | 8,80,600 | 19,88,400 | 30,99,400 | 42,13,600 | 53,31,000 | 64,51,600 | 75,75,400 | 87,02,400 | 98,32,600 | 1,09,66,000 | 1,20,00,000 |
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