A vessel contains a mixture of equimolar liquid benzene and liquid toluene that is in equilibrium with their vapors and air. The temperature of the mixture is 40 degrees celsius. The mole fraction of air in the vapor phase is .6 or 60%. What is the total pressure and the mole fraction of benzene in the vapor phase?

Consider a 100 mol mixture that is 69.0% methane (CH4) and 31.0% ethane (C2H6). To this mixture is added 20.0% excess air. Of the methane present, 90.40% reacts, 92.30% of which forms carbon dioxide (CO2), and the balance forms carbon monoxide (CO). Of the ethane present, 86.0% reacts, 92.30% of which forms carbon dioxide, and the balance forms carbon monoxide.

a) What is the theoretical amount of oxygen required for the fuel mixture?

b) What amount of air is added to the fuel mixture?

c) How many moles of methane are present in the product gas?

d) How many moles of ethane are present in the product gas?

e) How many moles of carbon dioxide are present in the product gas?

f) How many moles of carbon monoxide are present in the product gas?

g) How many moles of water vapor are present in the product gas?

h) How many moles of oxygen are present in the product gas?

i) How many moles of nitrogen are present in the product gas?

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Part a) Some racers in swimming sprints hyperventilate right before the buzzer initiates the race. (a) How would hyperventilation affect the concentration of O2, HCO3, dissolved CO2, pH and oxygen affinity of hemoglobin?

part b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the sprinter hyperventilating?  

part c) As the swimmer sprints, the swimmers muscle tissue is actively respiring, how does this affect the concentration of O2, HCO3, dissolved CO2, pH and oxygen affinity of hemoglobin?  

part d) Some racers in swimming sprints do not breath during the sprint, they hold their breath. How would holding your breath affect the concentration of O2, HCO3, dissolved CO2, pH and oxygen affinity of hemoglobin?

part e) What happens when a swimmer hyperventilates before the start of the race and holds his or her breath during the swimming sprint. Does the swimmer gain an advantage or disadvantage by this approach?

Question 2:

A train of two distillation colum

ns is being used to separate a mixture of hexane, heptane and octane.

The feed to the first column contains 40 mole% hexane, 30 mole% heptane and 30 mole% octane and

enters at a rate of 2500 kmol/h. In the first column 98% of the octane fed is recovered

in the bottom

product. Essentially no hexane goes with the bottom product and the mole fraction of octaine in the

bottom is 99.5%. The overhead product flows to a second column. The overhead product from the

second column contains 98 mole% hexane and no

octane. In addition, 98% of the hexane fed to this

column is recovered in the overhead.

a) Draw a diagram of the process, labeling all of the streams.

b) Calculate the molar flow rates and mole fractions for each stream in the process

1. A) Determine the ratio of waste to cover material (volume basis) as a function of the initial compacted specific weight for a solid waste stream of 1000 tonnes/day to be placed in 2m lifts within a progressive cell width of 30m. The slope of the working face is 3h: 1v. Assume that the waste is compacted initially to an average compaction rate of a) 700kg/m3 and b) 800kg/m3. The daily cover thickness is 200mm.

i. Determine the daily volume of the deposited solid waste for a)700kg/m3 and b) 800kg/m3 ii. Determine the length of each daily cell for a) 700kg/m3 and b) 800kg/m3 iii. Determine cell floor area for a) 700kg/m3 and b) 800kg/m3 iv. Determine volume of soil for daily cover for a) 700kg/m3 and b)800kg/m3 v. Determine ratio of waste to cover soil for a) 700kg/m3 and b) 800kg/m3

b)Estimate the landfill airspace required annually for a Regional Council with a population of 420,000. Assume waste generation rate is 800kg/person/year and the compaction rate is 800kg/m3.

C)A landfill must have a leachate barrier system. Draw diagram to indicate the various components of the leachate barrier system and explain the importance of the various components.

D)The volume of sediment - laden stormwater runoff should be minimized as part of a landfill operation. Explain why and provide examples of erosion control measures to be implemented to reduce the sediment load.

Air is compressed adiabatically in a piston–cylinder assembly from 1 bar, 300 K to 8 bar, 600 K. The air can be modeled as an ideal gas and kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible. Determine the amount of entropy produced, in kJ/K per kg of air, for the compression. What is the minimum theoretical work input, in kJ per kg of air, for an adiabatic compression from the given initial state to a final pressure of 8 bar? Note that work is positive into the compressor.

100 mol n-Hexane (C6H14) is burned with excess air. An analysis of the product gas yields the following dry-basis molar composition: 6.9% CO2, 2.1% CO, 0.265% C6H14 (+ O2 and N2). The stack gas emerges at 760 mm Hg. Calculate the percentage conversion of hexane, the percentage excess air fed to the burner, and the dew point of the stack gas, taking water to be the only condensable species.

Suppose you have nanometer-sized features in your sample, and would like to resolve the shape as good as you can. Which setting(s) of a Köhler microscope will give you the highest chance of resolving these features and their shape?

1.Manometer fluid = Tungsten Hexafluoride WF6; Density = 13,000 g/m3; MW = 297.83 g/mol You have sent a probe to an unexplored planet and need to figure out what the gravity is on the planet before you can go there. The probe is equipped with a manometer that was calibrated on earth. Pressurized tanks are attached to each side with Tank A being a constant pressure. On earth, the Tank B was set to a pressure of 40 Pa which gave a height difference of 21 cm in the monometer fluid with the tank B side fluid being lower. The manometer was sent to the planet and where tank B pressure was set to 3.7 Pa. This gave a height difference of 6.1 cm with the fluid being higher on the tank B side. What is the gravity constant of the new planet? (Note: density of fluid will not change, and the fluid is immiscible with the other gases)

Air is contained in a piston-cylinder. Initially, the 0.35 kg of air is at 2 MPa and 350°C. The air is first expanded isothermally to 500 kPa, then compressed polytropically with a polytropic exponent of 1.25 to the initial pressure, and finally compressed at the constant pressure to the initial state. Calculate the net heat transfer during the polytropic process in kJ assuming constant specific heats at 300 K (with 3 significant figures).