Consider the net radiant heat flux between an object and its surroundings as given by

q_rad,net = ǫ σ ( T₄ − T _∞4 ) ( 1 ) where ǫ is the emissivity, σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant (5.670374419×10−8 in

W ), T is the object’s temperature and T is the surrounding (ambient) temperature. m2K4 ∞

1. 1-a) Linearize qrad,net in terms of ǫ, T, and T∞, use deviation variables and call this expression qL′ .

2. 1-b) Compute the value for qrad,net with ǫ = 0.9, T = 700 K, and T ∞ = 300 K.

3. 1-c) Using both the linearized and nonlinear equation, compute the numeric change

   in qrad,net (in watts) for each of the following cases:

   1. (a) ǫ increases by 0.01.

   2. (b) T increases by 1 K.

   3. (c) T∞ increases by 1 K.

   4. (d) T increases by 5 K.

   5. (e) T∞ increases by 5 K.

   6. (f) ǫ increases by 0.01 and T increases by 5 K and T∞ increases by 5 K.

   7. (g) Using the linearized model, find the range of T that causes a ± 5% change in qrad,net.

   8. (h) Using the nonlinear model, find the range of T that causes a ± 5% change in qrad,net.

Q3) Answer by “true” or “false” to the following statements:
1. dry basis: All the gases resulting from combustion process including the water vapor.
2. Theoretical air (or theoretical oxygen): The minimum amount of air (or oxygen) required to
be brought into the process for complete combustion
3. The limiting material comes out together with, or perhaps separately from, the product, and
sometimes can be used again.
4. The extent of reaction, ξ, is based on a particular stoichiometric equation, and denotes how
much reaction occurs
5. Open Systems mean that material neither enters nor leaves the vessel
Chemical engineering principles
Within 20 minutes

Graphite mineral
1. Discuss it's origin, chemistry and economical importance ( including any other important characteristics)

An enzyme acts as a catalyst in the fermentation of A to form product R. An aqueous feed stream containing the enzyme and compound A flows into a CSTR at 25 L/min, and the initial concentration of A is 2 mol*L^-1 . Determine the volume of the CSTR (in Liters, expressed to the nearest integer ) needed to achieve 98% conversion of reactant A. You may assume that the enzyme concentration and volumetric flowrates are constant. The maximum rate of destruction of the substrate is 0.4 mol/(L min). When the substrate concentration is 0.5 mol/L, the rate of destruction of the substrate is 0.2 mol/(L min), i.e. half of the maximum rate.

An ideal gas with Cp = 2.5R at 298 K and 5.00 bar is adiabatically throttled to 1.00 bar. If the flow rate of gas is 1.71 mol/s, and the surroundings are at a temperature of 3°C, what is the rate of lost work, in kW? Please give your answer to 3 SF, and be very careful with units.

1. As water has a higher __________, we can assume that land will heat and cool  faster than water.

2. Which of the following is NOT a reason for our mild weather and climate here in Orange County?

a) Warm Ocean Current off our coast

B) High Pressure

c) California Current

D) Our location near the Pacific Ocean

What is the main source of energy for a Hurricane?___________

T/F Hail and lightning are common in the Initial/Cumulus stage of a Thunderstorm.

In the northern hemisphere both Hurricanes and Tornadoes spin_______. clockwise or counter-clockwise

T/F  A monsoon is associated with both high rainfall totals and alternating periods of drought.

Hurricane Katrina holds the record for the most destructive Hurricane in US History based upon which criteria?

                                                         Loss of lives                          Financial Loss                       Wind Speed

T/F El Nino is considered a type of storm.

What do we call a Cumulus cloud when it produces heavy rain?

although we know almost nothing about the culture that created them the abstract ----- of Cycladic culture appears extremely sophisticated for 5,000 years of work

a. equestrian portraits

b. animal deities

c.lion hunts

d. female nude figures

The earthquakes from transform plate boundaries are;

1, shallow and weak

2, intermediate depth and intermediate strength

3, deep and strong

Describe the difference between gasohol, E-85 and B-20. On what type of devices can they be used , In what states are they use, What requirements must be met for their use.

1. _{Express HCL 28 percent by weight ( 28% w?w) in terms of mole percent ( mol%. Atomic weight chlorine ( C ) : 35.45g/mol}
2. _{The approximation the molar composition of air is 21% oxygen and the balance is nitrogen}

1. _{Calculate the approximate composition of air by mass}
2. _{Calculate the average molecular weight of air}

a. The bubble point temperature of a liquid mixture with a molar composition of 35.0 mol% n-hexane and 65.0 mol% n-heptane at 1.00 atm and the composition (mole fractions) of the vapor in equilibrium with this mixture.

Find bubble point

Find x Hexane

Find x Heptane

b. The dew-point temperature of a gas mixture with a molar composition of 30.0% n-hexane, 15.0% n-heptane, and 55.0% air at 1.00 atm and the composition (mole fractions) of the liquid in equilibrium with this mixture.

Find dew point

Find x Hexane

Find x Heptane

I need in-length solutions to part A and B

A. Contrast the classification systems that are used in the International Union for the Conservation of Nature’s Red List, Canada’s Species At Risk Act (SARA), and the Manitoba Endangered Species and Ecosystems Act (MESEA). How do these support biodiversity conservation?

B. Describe how the peregrine falcon and polar bear are classified by each of the agencies in question 2. Why might there be differences in classification and how does this in itself benefit species conservation?

A gas mixture consisting of 10% ethylene gas (C2H4) and 90% CO2 by mol is combusted with 50% excess air via the following unbalanced reaction: C2H4 (g) + O2 (g) à CO2 (g) + H2O (g) Air for the reaction is brought in from outdoors and cooled through a chiller to remove any humidity. The combustion product gas is pressurized so that all water vapor is condensed into liquid, which then combines with the water from the air chiller and exits through a separate H2O stream. a) Draw the process flow diagram. b) If the outdoor air has a dry bulb temperature of 30°C and 30% relative humidity (RH), how many mol of water leave the system (in the combined H2O exit stream) per mol of ethylene combusted? c) What is the molar volume (in L/mol) of the water-free combustion gas if it is pressurized to 150 atm at 20°C? CO2: Tc = 31.2°C, Pc = 72.8atm O2: Tc = -118.6°C, Pc = 49.8atm N2: Tc = -147°C, Pc = 33.5atm

Chloroform has a vapor pressure of 197 mmHg at 73.4 F, and 0.5895 atm at 45.0 °C. Estimate its heat of vaporization and normal boiling point.