Discuss briefly how both sedimentary and igneous rocks form and discuss the likely sources of the magma that resulted in igneous rocks in Connecticut’s Central Valley.

Many early video artists used ___.

1. still photographs

2. magnetic tape that records both image and sound

3. motion capture technology

4. computer programming

In your opinion, discuss your long term predictions for the planet. Sum up the major planet-altering events that will arise from human-caused climate change.

What are the impacts in terms of physical damage, chemical contamination, and climate aftereffects?

Assume grooved brain coral requires sunlight, a high concentration of zooplankton (tiny floating organisms) in the water every evening, an open, solid place to attach that is close (not more than 3 meters underwater) to the surface, water temperature between 65 and 85 degrees F, and a water pH between 8.1 and 8.4. Aside from its early life as a tiny larva seeking an attachment site, coral has a sedentary lifestyle. During the day, its photosynthetic symbionts produce sugars and other nutritious chemicals; at night the coral polyps uncurl their tentacles and capture plankton out of the water. Which of the following is the best and most complete list of the resources, rather than the conditions, that the coral species requires?

A. Sunlight and a high concentration of zooplankton.

B. Sunlight, a high concentration of zooplankton, a solid spot close to surface where the coral can attach, water temperature between 65 and 85 degrees F, and a water pH between 8.1 and 8.4

C. Sunlight, a high concentration of zooplankton, and a solid spot close to surface where the coral can attach.

D. Water temperature 65 - 85 degrees F, and a water pH 8.1 - 8.4.

An aerial camera has a 9½-inch square film format and a 6-inch focal length lens. What must the flying height (in meter) be to obtain a scale of 1/2000? (Hint: 1 inch=2.54 cm)

1. Describe the contribution of John Snow to epidemiology. What type of study did he conduct? Was it analytical or descriptive epidemiology (or both)? Be specific with examples from his study

1. Briefly explain each of the following:

2. Factors that determine the size of wind-generated waves
3. Longshore current

4. Storm surges and seiches                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

2. The total energy consumption of Hong Kong in year 2008 was 285,430 TJ. Assume the daily rate of solar energy received in Hong Kong is 10 kWh/m2 and that a solar PV panel has an efficiency of 10% in converting sunlight to electricity.
(a) Calculate the land area that is required for solar panels if Hong Kong uses sunlight as its only energy source to support the year 2008 energy consumption. (4 points)
(b) Compare against the total land area in Hong Kong, what percentage of land will the solar panels take up? (2 points)
(c) Even during the night we still need electricity and given that we can only rely on solar energy, what can Hong Kong do to ensure electricity made from solar energy is available 24 hours a day (i.e. both during the day and night)? Explain your answer. (8 points)

Will Rate Immediately. Please just 5-6 sentences.

Clearly and thoroughly describe an instance in which an object’s energy gets transformed from one type to another. Before the transformation, what type of energy does the object have, and why? After the transformation, what type of energy does the object have, and why?

It is a spring day in southern B.C., with temperatures of 10 oC. Westerly winds push air off the ocean towards the coastal mountains, which are 1400 m high. The dew point temperature of the air mass is 6 oC. Determine what happens as the air is forced to rise by answering the questions below. A temperature-height graph (Graph C) is provided at the end of the question in case you wish to work on the answers graphically.

3 a) At what elevation does condensation begin on the western slope of the range? [1 point]

b) What will the temperature of the air layer be as it passes over the summit of the range (i.e. at 1400 m)? You may wish to explain your steps. [1 point]

3

GEOB 102 – Introduction to Climate and Ecosystems W2, 2019-20

4

c) What will the temperature of the air layer be after it has descended to the surface (i.e. at 0 m) over an interior plateau? Assume that all condensed moisture fell as rain on the windward slope (i.e. the descending air is now dry). [1 point]
d) Do you think it will be raining or snowing at the top of the Whistler-Blackcomb (at 1800 m elevation), the ski area north of Vancouver? Be sure to explain your steps. [2 points]

Question 1

(a) Sketch the celestial sphere depicting the Equatorial coordinate system showing the position and apparent motion of an example star ‘X’. Indicate on the sketch the (i) fundamental plane, (ii) the poles, (iii) the origin of the system, and (iv) the coordinates right ascension and declination of the system of the star ‘X’

(b) How is the Hour Angle used to help plan observations during the night at a telescope?

(c) Declination and Right Ascension are essentially fixed for most objects. List the two exceptions to this statement.

1) describe the earth's denser layers from the surface to the very center of the planet. Please elaborate your answer

8) If radius of cation X is 0.09 nm and radius of anion Y is 4x10^-4 µm, which of the following crystal structure do you expect to have for the ceramic material that consists of X and Y? (3p)

a) Rock salt             b) Cesium chloride            c) Zinc blende              d) Fluorite                e) None of them                              

9) An Al₂O₃ specimen has a critical surface crack length of 2 x10^-3 mm and a theoretical fracture strength of E/10, where E is the modulus of elasticity. Which of the following is the critical tip radius for this specimen when it experiences tensile fracture at an applied stress of 175 MPa (elastic modulus of alumina 393 GPa). (5p)

a) 0.39 nm                     b) 0.19 nm                          c) 0.16 nm                                      d) 0.32 nm                e) 0.78 nm                              

10) For a thermoset and thermoplastic polymer which of the following is true? (If you think it is possible, you can select more than one choices) (6p)

a) Thermoset materials are easier to have crystallinity

b) Thermoplastic materials can have amorphous structures

c) Thermoplastic materials can be recycled

d) It is possible to have copolymers for both of them

e) None of them above

11) A hypothetical polymer consists of 3 molecules with an average weight of 42000 g/mol, 5 molecules with an average weight of 21000 g/mol and 12 molecules with an average weight of 9000 g/mol. What is the number average molecular weight of this polymer? (5p)

a) 339000                      b) 9160                     c) 24390                                        d) 16950                  e) none of them                              

12) Which of the following represents the typical relative elastic moduli (Young’s moduli) of the three classes of solids? (5p)

a) Metal > Ceramics > Polymers

b) Ceramics > Metals > Polymers

c) Ceramics > Polymers > Metals

d) Polymers > Metals > Ceramics

e) None of them

13) A metal that is exposed to plastic deformation has an increase in yield strength for which of the following reason? (3p)

a) Plastic deformation reduces the number of dislocations, which increases the strength

b) Plastic deformation increases the grain size, which increases the strength

c) Plastic deformation increases the number of vacancies which inhibits dislocation movement

d) Plastic deformation increases the number of dislocations, which inhibits dislocation movement

e) None of them

14) What type of bonding would be expected for bronze (a copper-tin alloy)? (2p)

a) ionic bonding

b) metallic bonding

c) covalent bonding with some van der Waals bonding

d) van der Waals bonding

15) Which of the following conditions do you expect to give higher strength for copper? (2p)

a) small grain size

b) large grain size + cold worked

c) small grain size + cold worked

d) small grain size + cold worked + annealed

16) For a metallic material it may be possible to have ductile or brittle fracture depending on environmental conditions: (2p)

a) True                                               b) False

17) It is given that the two substances are soluble in each other in the entire range of compositions in both liquid and solid state. This kind of system is known as ……………………… (2p)

a) Binary phase system

b) Unary phase system

c) Multiple phase system

d) Isomorphous system

e) None of them

18) Point defect, Line defect and area defect are ………….. Fill in the blank. (2p)

a) two ways to express composition of an alloy

b) burgers vector for an edge dislocation

c) types of grain boundaries

d) 3 types of imperfections

e) None of them

Draw the lewis structure for the following molecules ions

NO2 , HOOH , HNO3 , N2O , H2SO4