In an air-conditioning system, dry air flows over tubes carrying refrigerant R134a. The air is cooled by transferring heat to the R134a; the air enters with a volume flow rate of 0.75 m3 s–1 at 305 K and 100 kPa, and it exits at 290 K and 95 kPa. The R134a enters at 4 bar in a vapor-liquid coexistence state with a quality of 20%; it exits at 4 bar and 30 °C. Ignoring heat transfer at the outer surface of the air conditioner, neglecting kinetic and potential energy changes, and assuming a steady state, determine a) the mass flow rate of R134a and b) the rate of heat transfer between the air and the R134a. Use the available tables, diagrams, and other reliable sources to obtain required thermodynamic data.

a.Why the Carnot cycle is not a realistic model for steam power plant? Justify your answer. [3 marks]

b. A steam power plant operates on a simple ideal Rankine cycle between the pressure limits of 9 MPa and 15 kPa. The mass flow rate of the steam through the cycle is 35 kg/s. The moisture content of the steam at the turbine is not to exceed 10 %.

i. Generate the T - s (Temperature – specific entropy) diagram of the cycle. [4 marks]

ii. Determine the minimum turbine inlet temperature in °C. [6 marks]

iii. Calculate the thermal efficiency of the cycle. [4 marks]

iv. Does the performance of the given Rankine cycle improve if the steam leaves the turbine as saturated vapor? Explain your answer. [

A bubble-point feed mixture of 5 mol% A and 95 mol% B is to be distilled to obtain a distillate containing 35 mol% A and a bottoms containing 0.2 mol% A. The column has a partial reboiler and a partial condenser. If the constant relative volatility is given to be ?A,B = 6. Using graphical method, find out:

a) The minimum number of equilibrium stages.

b) The minimum boilup ratio: ??? /??

c) The actual number of stages if the boilup ratio is 1.2 times the minimum.

Methanol (also known as wood alcohol and methyl alcohol) is used as a raw material in the manufacture of formaldehyde, acetic acid, and a number of other chemicals. One way it can be synthesized is by reacting carbon dioxide and hydrogen:

CO₂ + 3H₂?CH₃OH + H₂O

The fresh feed to a methanol synthesis process contains hydrogen, carbon dioxide and 0.4 mole% inerts. The reactor effluent passes to a condenser that removes essentially all of the methanol and water formed and none of the reactants or products. The latter substances are recycled to the reactor. To avoid buildup of the inerts in the system, a purge stream is withdrawn from the recycle. The feed to the reactor (not fresh feed to the process) contains 28 mole% CO₂, 70 mole% H₂, and 2 mole% inerts. The single pass conversion of hydrogen is 60%. Calculate the molar flow rates and molar compositions of the fresh feed, the total feed to the reactor, the recycle stream and the purge stream for a methanol production rate of 110 kmol/h.

Please show how the solution was arrived at I'm trying to understand how to do the problem.

4.(2) The fern is defined as the unit of force required to accelerate a unit of mass, called the bung, with the gravitational acceleration on the surface of the moon, which is one-sixth the normal gravitational acceleration on earth. a) What is the conversion factor that would be used to convert a force from the natural unit to the derived unit in this system (“gc”)? b) What is the weight in ferns of a 5.6 bung object on the moon? What does the same object weigh in Seattle?

What are the factors that affect the different fouling behaviours of thin film composite (TFC) and cellulose triacetate (CTA) forward osmosis (FO) membranes when treating wastewater.

9.10. A completely mixed bioreactor is used for ethanol fermentation of hydrolyzed starch solution containing 30 g/l total sugar. The following data are available: ?_m = 0.15 h^–1, K_S = 0.5 g/l, F = 10 l/h, Y_X/S = 0.1 g X/g S, Y_P/S = 0.5 gP/gS, k_S = 0.1 d^–1.

a. For 95% conversion of substrate to product, determine the required reactor volume and ethanol productivity when the system was operated without cell recycle.

b. For the same degree of conversion, determine the required reactor volume and ethanol productivity when the system was operated with cell recycle. r = 0.4, C = X_r/X = 3, ? = 0.1.

A straight rod of solid polymer is of length 1 m and diameter 10 mm. The polymer is linearly viscoelastic with a tensile creep compliance given by:

D = 2- exp(-0.1t); Gpa^-1

Where t is in hours. The rod is suspended vertically and a mass of 10 kg is hung from it for 10 hours. a) Find the change of length of the rod. b) Identify the time domain of this property test procedure.

You should use NO MORE THAN 100 mL 0.25 M NH4OH, 4 g Ca(NO3)2· 4H2O, and/or 3 g (NH4)2HPO4. NOTE: This is not a stoichiometric recipe. Part of the grading for this lab will be based on your ability to determine appropriate quantities of each reactant. Clearly show the actual amount of each reactant you intend to use. Determine the mass or volume of each reactant in the proper stoichiometric ratio, to synthesize and analyze a sample of calcium hydroxyapatite. The unbalanced equation for the reaction is: H3O+(aq) + Ca(NO3)2(s) + (NH4)2HPO4(s) + NH3(aq) --> Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2(s) + NH4NO3(aq)

Part D: extraction of the mandelic acid solution with one 50ml aliquot of organic solvent

a) Calculate the moles of sodium hydroxide used to titrate the 5.0ml of extracted water

b) calculate the moles of mandelic acid in the 5.0ml of extracted water

c) determine the mass of the mandelic acid in the 5.0ml of extracted water.

d) determine the concentration of mandelic acid in g/ml

Part E:

Rank the extraction techniques from best to poorest in their ability to extract the mandelic acid from water.

hint: see parts a-c in separately asked questions

Determination of a partition coefficient

Mass of mandelic acid: 6.01g

[NaOH]: 0.1036

Table 1: titration of a 10.0 ml aliquot of mandelic acid solution with standard NaOH

average of three titrations: 38.31ml

table 2: titration of the 5.0 ml sample of extracted water

14. Which is NOT one advantage of membrane concentration over evaporation?

A. Higher product concentration after processing

B. Less nutritional loss

C. Less energy consumption

D. None of the above

.15 Ultrafiltration is usually used to separate _?

A. Yeasts

B. Bacteria

C. Proteins

D. Salts

Consider the combustion of acetamide:

4C2H5NO(s)+11O2(g)?8CO2(g)+10H2O(l)+2N2(g)  ?H=?4738kJ

Part A

How much heat is released when 375.0 g of water is produced?

Part B

Acetamide has a density of 1.159 g/mL. What volume of acetamide must be combusted to result in the release of 1850 kJ of heat?

In Particcular large scale chemical project such as ammonia etc etc

, explain where and how did you apply principles of inherent safety