What are the factors that affect the different fouling behaviours of thin film composite (TFC) and cellulose triacetate (CTA) forward osmosis (FO) membranes when treating wastewater.
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9.10. A completely mixed bioreactor is used for ethanol fermentation of hydrolyzed starch solution containing 30 g/l total sugar. The following data are available: ?m = 0.15 h–1, KS = 0.5 g/l, F = 10 l/h, YX/S = 0.1 g X/g S, YP/S = 0.5 gP/gS, kS = 0.1 d–1.
a. For 95% conversion of substrate to product, determine the required reactor volume and ethanol productivity when the system was operated without cell recycle.
b. For the same degree of conversion, determine the required reactor volume and ethanol productivity when the system was operated with cell recycle. r = 0.4, C = Xr/X = 3, ? = 0.1.
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A straight rod of solid polymer is of length 1 m and diameter 10 mm. The polymer is linearly viscoelastic with a tensile creep compliance given by:
D = 2- exp(-0.1t); Gpa^-1
Where t is in hours. The rod is suspended vertically and a mass of 10 kg is hung from it for 10 hours. a) Find the change of length of the rod. b) Identify the time domain of this property test procedure.
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You should use NO MORE THAN 100 mL 0.25 M NH4OH, 4 g Ca(NO3)2· 4H2O, and/or 3 g (NH4)2HPO4. NOTE: This is not a stoichiometric recipe. Part of the grading for this lab will be based on your ability to determine appropriate quantities of each reactant. Clearly show the actual amount of each reactant you intend to use. Determine the mass or volume of each reactant in the proper stoichiometric ratio, to synthesize and analyze a sample of calcium hydroxyapatite. The unbalanced equation for the reaction is: H3O+(aq) + Ca(NO3)2(s) + (NH4)2HPO4(s) + NH3(aq) --> Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2(s) + NH4NO3(aq)
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Part D: extraction of the mandelic acid solution with one 50ml aliquot of organic solvent
a) Calculate the moles of sodium hydroxide used to titrate the 5.0ml of extracted water
b) calculate the moles of mandelic acid in the 5.0ml of extracted water
c) determine the mass of the mandelic acid in the 5.0ml of extracted water.
d) determine the concentration of mandelic acid in g/ml
Part E:
Rank the extraction techniques from best to poorest in their ability to extract the mandelic acid from water.
hint: see parts a-c in separately asked questions
Determination of a partition coefficient
Mass of mandelic acid: 6.01g
[NaOH]: 0.1036
Table 1: titration of a 10.0 ml aliquot of mandelic acid solution with standard NaOH
| burette reading | trial 1 | trial 2 | trial 3 |
| final reading | 38.1ml | 41.40ml | 41.02ml |
| initial reading | 0.0 | 2.80 | 2.78 |
| volume NaOH used | 38.1ml | 38.60ml | 38.24ml |
average of three titrations: 38.31ml
table 2: titration of the 5.0 ml sample of extracted water
| burette reading | Part B: extraction with one 25ml aliquot of ether | Part C: extraction with two 25ml aliquots of ether | Part D: extration with one 50ml aliquot of ether |
| final reading | 4.20 | 5.20 | 7.5 |
| initial reading | 1.05 | 4.50 | 5.4 |
| volume NaOH used | 3.15 | 0.70 | 2.1 |
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14. Which is NOT one advantage of membrane concentration over evaporation?
A. Higher product concentration after processing
B. Less nutritional loss
C. Less energy consumption
D. None of the above
.15 Ultrafiltration is usually used to separate _?
A. Yeasts
B. Bacteria
C. Proteins
D. Salts
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Consider the combustion of acetamide:
4C2H5NO(s)+11O2(g)?8CO2(g)+10H2O(l)+2N2(g) ?H=?4738kJ
Part A
How much heat is released when 375.0 g of water is produced?
Part B
Acetamide has a density of 1.159 g/mL. What volume of acetamide must be combusted to result in the release of 1850 kJ of heat?
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In Particcular large scale chemical project such as ammonia etc etc
, explain where and how did you apply principles of inherent safety
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Writte a summary of 500 words about the effect of ultrafiltration on the mass-transfer efficiency improvement in a pararell-plate countercurrent dialysis system.
cite the references
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Methane gas is diffusing in a straight tube 0.1 m long containing helium at 298 k and a total pressure of 1.01325 x 10^5 Pa. the partial pressure of CH4 is 1.400 x 10^4 Pa at one end and 1.333 x 10^3 at the other end. Helium is insoluble in one boundary, and hence is non diffusing or stagnant. Calculate the flux of methane in kg mol/s m^2
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In your own words, explain the functions of the following most frequently used unit operations in chemical engineering processes. (i) dryer, (ii) filter, (iii) distillation columns, (iv) absorber, (v) stripper, (vii) crystallizer, (viii) compressor, (ix) valve, (x) hydrocyclone
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