1) What characteristics of a compound lead to solubility in water? Name as many as you can and explain them.
2) What characteristics of a compound lead to insolubility in water? Name as many as you can and explain them.
3) Are ionic compounds (anions or carboxylic acids or ammonium salts of amines) more or less soluble in water that the corresponding neutral compound? Explain.
4) Some of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry are alkane (actually a lack of other functional groups), alcohol, phenol, ether, amine, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester, and amide. Draw a simple example of each of these and show how it hydrogen bonds with water. If it can't hydrogen bond, so state.
5) Which of the functional groups listed in Question 4 is an acid in water (i.e., would be more soluble in base)? Which of them can be a base (i.e., would be more soluble in acid)?

The variation of the spectral transmissivity of a 0.6cm thick glass window is 0.92 in the wavelength range from 0.3-3micrometer. Determine the average transmissvity of this window for solar radiation at T=5800K. Also, determine the amount of solar radiation transmitted through the window for incident solar radiation of 650W/m².

1- Consider the following substances: a polar solute and polar solvent. Explain the interactions of these and whether a solution will form. • H1 or HLE of Solute:

• H2 HLE of Solvent:

• H3 or HHYD:

• HSolution: Outcome

Options: a-Highly Endothermic b-Slightly Endothermic c- Highly Exothermic d-Slightly Exothermic

2- Consider the following compounds. Which is insoluble?

• VI2VI2

• HgBr2HgBr2

• NaBr

• NaCl

• All of these

• None of these

3- Select the conditions where liquid solutes have the highest solubility in water. Select those that USUALLY apply.

• Structural effects: The molecule should be .

• Agitation: Agitating the solution the solubility.

• Pressure: Solubility is highest when pressure is .

4- Ethanol has a Kb of 1.22 °C/m and usually boils at 78.4 °C. How many mol of an nonionizing solute would need to be added to 45.37 g ethanol in order to raise the boiling point to 82.8.

5- Water has a Kf of -1.86 °C/m. Calculate the new freezing point of an aqueous solution made by mixing 37.81 g water and 2.85 g MgCl2.

6- A solution contains 15.03 grams of NaCl in 0.557 kg water at 25 °C. What is the vapor pressure of the solution? (The vapor pressure of pure water is 23.7 torr at 25 °C.)

7- When a colloid separates by droplets becoming progressively bigger until they settle out it is called ________.

• flocculation

• coalescence

• creaming

8- When a colloid separates by one of the substances migrating to the top of the mixture it is called ________.

• coalescence

• flocculation

• creaming

9- How many mL of a 5 M HCl solution would it take to make a 250 mL of a 1.6 M solution? Give your answer to 1 decimal space.

10- What is the concentration of magnesium bromide, in ppm, if 55.3 g MgBr2 is dissolved in 9.24 L water. Record your answer in scientific notation to 3 significant figures.

11- How many mL of a 6.8 M HCl solution would it take to make a 250 mL of a 1.6 M solution?

• 0

• 0.4

• 1062.5

• 58.82

• 0.24

An 8" ID pipe carries air at 80.0 ft/sec, 21.5 psi absolute and 80°F. How many pounds of air are flowing? The 8" pipe reduces to a 4" ID pipe and the pressure and temperature in the 4" pipe are 19.0 psi absolute and 48°F respectively. Find the velocity in the 4" pipe and compare the flows in ft3/sec in the two pipes.

LMTD of a cross-flow heat exchanger is

How does a photovoltaic cell generate electricity? How thick is the depletion width in a silicon solar cell? How can you calculate it?

What are nanostructured materials in a PEM Fuel Cell?

Identify the anode in a galvanic cell of copper and brass electrodes in standard solutions of their own ions. Identify the anode in a galvanic cell of a two-phase microstructure of a 50:50 Pb-Sn alloy. Identify the anode in a galvanic cell of a lead-tin solder on a Cast iron in seawater. Identify the anode in a galvanic cell of a brass bolt in a passive 430 stainless steel plate in seawater.

A shell-and-tube heat exchanger uses cooling water in the tubes. There are two pressure gages installed on the the water side to the heat exchanger. Gage 1 (P₁) is installed on the inlet water line, which is connected to the lower nozzle, while Gage (P₂) is installed on the discharge water line, which is connected to the upper nozzle. Both pressure gages are very near the nozzle flanges. The pressure drop from each pressure gage to the exchanger channel is 1 psi. The vertical distance between the two pressure gages is 4’-8”. The current pressure difference in tube-side pressure drop (P₁ – P₂) is 6 psi. If the number of tube passes were changed from 2 to 4 (with no appreciable change in the exchanger tube count), the water side pressure drop P₁ – P₂ (psi) would be most nearly:

a. 34                                                         c. 20

b. 28                                                         d. 12

Simulate the Spring Mass Damper System shown in Fig. Using MATLAB/Simulink, m being the mass of Vibrating System in Kg. c Being the coefficient of damping in N-sec/m, K being spring stiffness in N/m. For the values m=15kg C=100 N-sec/m k=200 N/m mx''+cx'+kx=f0sinwt

How many grams of dipotassium succinate trihydrate (K2C4H4O4·3H2O, MW = 248.32 g/mol) must be added to 570.0 mL of a 0.0306 M succinic acid solution to produce a pH of 5.987? Succinic acid has pKa values of 4.207 (pKa1) and 5.636 (pKa2).

Steam, initially at 15 bar and 250oC and stored in a rigid container, is reversibly compressed at constant temperature. During the compression, the steam receives 400 kJ/kg of work. Determine ?? and the final state of the steam. Thermodynamic data: NIST Chemistry WebBook (Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems)

Is there a relationship between absorbance and polarity or wavelength and polarity? For example, chlorophyll is more polar than carotene and chlorophyll has higher lambda max of 661 than carotene with 449 lambda max.  

Lithium crystallizes in a bcc structure with an edge length of 3.509 Å.

Calculate its density. What is the approximate metallic radius of lithium in picometers?

(atomic weight of Li = 6.94)