Drilling Course.

What are the disadvantages of adding solids to the water-based mud?

Assuming a constant drying condition,a pile of meat wet solid was dried on a tray dryer.The thickness of material on the tray is 35.4 mm. Only top surface with an area of 0.45 m2 was exposed to drying. It took approximately 3.9 hours to dry 12.0 kg wet meat from its initial free moisture of 0.55 kg free moisture/kg dry meat to its critical moisture content of 0.22 kg free moisture/ kg dry meat. Evaluate the time to dry a pile of this material from X1 = 0.48 to X2 = 0.32 using the same drying conditions, with drying from top and bottom surfaces.

Chlorides enter the great lakes from human activity, but the most important sources is from the salting of roads in the winter to make them safe for driving. High Chloride concentrations (salty water) are damaging to the aquatic ecosystem. If, the great lakes would have chloride levels of > 20 mg/L, why would this be a problem? What uses of the lakes might be threatened by such high chloride concentrations? How do you think the lakes will be changed as a result of such high chloride concentrations?

Suppose you are the chief environmental engineer in charge of the joint Canadian – U.S. great lakes water quality commission. You have to set water quality limits for chlorides, recognizing that the limits you set would be considerably less than 20 mg/L and that changes in human lifestyle would be needed if the chloride concentration is to remain below these standards. What type of decisions would you be making? (there may be more than one, and there is no “correct” answer to this question.

Design a two-phase vertical separator for gas flow rate 25ft 3 /s and oil flow rate
3000 ft 3 /s. The operating conditions P=1000 Pisa, T=90 O F, Z=0.85, dm=150
micron, µ= 0.013 cp and liquid residence time=3min.
Where:
Liquid density =50 Ib/ ft 3
Gas density=5 Ib/ ft

A solution of brine (water containing NaCl) contains 230 kg/m3 at 293 K. The density of the brine at this temperature is 1.148 g/cm³ . Calculate the following, a. composition in mass fractions b. composition in mole fractions c. volume % of water. Assume the density of water at this temperature is 0.998 g/cm³

Indicate, from the following, which has the second-highest predicted entropy at 298.15 K.

1.0 mol HCN

0.23g of HCN

0.5 mol HCN

15.0 kg HCN

All of these have the same entropy

Determine ΔH°_rxn at 25 °C for the reaction
2 HCN(g) → 2 C(graphite) + H₂(g) + N₂(g)
given that the standard heat of formation (ΔH°_f) of HCN(g) is 135.1 kJ/mol

Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN), an important reactant for the synthesis of numerous products, is produced catalytically from methane, ammonia, and oxygen in the following reversible reaction: CH4 + NH3 + 3/2O2 ------> HCN + 3H2O

A continuous reactor is designed to produce HCN at 2 kmol/min. Air is fed continuously to supply the oxygen (O2), so nitrogen is present as an inert. The oxygen is the limiting reactant and the ammonia (NH3) and methane (CH4) are fed at a 20% and 35% excess, respectively. No HCN is fed and oxygen conversion has been measured at 80%. Determine the feed and product compositions (mole%), the total feed and product flowrates (kmol/min) and the extent of reaction (kmol/min).

a. What is the First Principle in the Code of Professional Conduct of Engineers?

b. What is whistleblowing? Does it contradict the principle of confidentially considerations?

c. What is Conflict of Interest? Give an example.

The pharmacokinetics of a new drug was studied in a healthy volunteer. It was known that the drug followed a first-order, one compartment model kinetics, had a t_1/2 of 1 hr, and a CL_t of 0.7 L/hr. The drug was administered by intravenous infusion for 8 hrs at a rate of 1.4 mg/hr. Calculate the plasma [drug] (in mg/L) two hours after the start of the infusion.

1) What are the major differences between chemical pulping and mechanical pulping?

2) Explain the likely fiber separation point/location in cell wall during GP, TMP and KP?

(PLEASE TYPE YOUR ANSWER)

1. Two liquids (water, 50% sodium hydroxide) must be continuously pumped into a tank and mixed together to ensure a constant (and consistent) product flow. As an engineer you must design this system.

1. Use a diagram to describe how your design
2. Describe the control structure/s within your circuit (1 mark)
3. Describe the safety features of your circuit (1 mark)

Which of the following statements are true and which are false?

1. Evaporation is used to decrease the weight and volume of a liquid product.
2. Concentration of a liquid food increases the shelf life of the food since it decreases the water activity.
3. Falling film evaporators are not suitable for heat sensitive products.
4. Agitated film evaporators are suitable for viscous liquids.
5. Fruit juices are concentrated in falling film evaporators.
6. Gelatin is concentrated in agitated film evaporators.
7. Tomato juice is concentrated in forced-circulation evaporators.
8. Falling film tube evaporators are more compact than plate evaporators.
9. Natural circulation evaporators are suitable for heat sensitive liquid foods.
10. Forced circulation evaporators are suitable for viscous liquid foods.

Using the information given below draw and label a flowchart of the processes involved in production of phthalic anhydride. Use boxes and/or other symbols to represent process units and lines with arrows to represent inputs and outputs. Indicate the process conditions. Phthalic anhydride (PA) is produced via partial oxidation of o-xylene using oxygen. The feed to the plant is o-xylene and air. Air is compressed to approximately 2 bar in a centrifugal compressor and heated to 360°C using high-pressure steam in a heat exchanger. The o-xylene feed is passed through a pump to increase its pressure to 2 bar and subsequently heated and vaporized in heat exchanger. These streams are then mixed. The combined o-xylene and air stream enters a multitubular fixed-bed catalytic reactor. In the reactor, the o-xylene undergoes oxidation reactions to produce the desired product of PA, byproduct maleic anhydride (MA) and products of combustion. All these reactions are highly exothermic, and the temperature of the reactor is controlled by heat exchange with a stream of cooling medium that flows concurrently through the shell-side of the reactor.Using the information given below draw and label a flowchart of the processes involved in production of phthalic anhydride. Use boxes and/or other symbols to represent process units and lines with arrows to represent inputs and outputs. Indicate the process conditions. Phthalic anhydride (PA) is produced via partial oxidation of o-xylene using oxygen. The feed to the plant is o-xylene and air. Air is compressed to approximately 2 bar in a centrifugal compressor and heated to 360°C using high-pressure steam in a heat exchanger. The o-xylene feed is passed through a pump to increase its pressure to 2 bar and subsequently heated and vaporized in heat exchanger. These streams are then mixed. The combined o-xylene and air stream enters a multitubular fixed-bed catalytic reactor. In the reactor, the o-xylene undergoes oxidation reactions to produce the desired product of PA, byproduct maleic anhydride (MA) and products of combustion. All these reactions are highly exothermic, and the temperature of the reactor is controlled by heat exchange with a stream of cooling medium that flows concurrently through the shell-side of the reactor.