how to calculate furnace oil consumption in boiler
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2. In manufacture of chlorine, feed containing hydrochloric acid
gas and air are fed to the reactor. The product gases leaving the
reactor are found to contain 13.2% HCl, 6.3% 02, 42.9% N2, 30% Cl2
and 7.6% H2O (by weight). Calculate:
i) The percent excess air used.
ii) The composition of gases entering reactor
iii) The degree of completion of oxidation (conversion)
(Hint: Start solving by change the mass flow rate to mol flow rate
first.)
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A rigid, well-insulated tank contains wet steam (20:80 wt% liquid:vapor) at 200◦C. The wet steam is withdrawn from the tank until the fluid remaining in the tank is at 150◦C. The process is carried out slowly such that internal gradients are negligible inside the tank. Determine at the end of this process:
(a) The pressure in the tank.
(b) The mass fraction of vapor and liquid in the tank.
(c) The fraction of total water (liquid and vapor) present initially that was withdrawn.
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These questions are referring to a Suzuki Cross Coupling Reaction. We turned phenylboronic acid to 1,1'-biphenyl-4-ol with p-iodophenol, K2Co3, Pd/C, H2O.
1. Pd/C is used as a catalyst in this reaction. Is this catalyst considered homogenous, or heterogeneous? Explain?
2. We call this reaction green. What does that term mean, and in which way can we say that the process is green? Explain briefly by using the exact conditions in this process, such as solvent, and catalyst.
3. Which reaction is finding place in step 15, upon addition of acid to the post-reaction mixture? Show the reaction schemes.
4. When we acquire the IR spectrum of the product in step 24, we use a nujol mull. Why do we not simply use dicholoromethane as is usually done with salt plate?
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Why do we measure temperatures at the evaporator rather than the suction pressure?
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In a plant, a particular reactor produces methyl formate from carbon monoxide and methanol using a zeolite catalyst. The reactor operates at 40 bar and 100 C.
What safety instruments should be installed to either eliminate
or mitigate potential hazards?
Discuss how preventive maintenance helps us eliminate potential
hazards.
What PPE should the operators wear as a precautionary measure?
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The chlorination of ethane proceeds as follows:
C2H6(g) + Cl2(g) --> C2H5Cl(g) + HCl(g)
However, some of the formed chloroethane further reacts with excess chlorine in an undesired side reaction:
C2H5Cl(g) + Cl2(g) --> C2H4Cl2(g) + HCl(g)
If only C2H6 and Cl2 are in the feed stream, determine their feed ratio (mol C2H6/mol Cl2) and the % yield of C2H5Cl given that the fractional conversion of C2H6 is 0.350 and the selectivity is 12. All chlorine is consumed in the reaction (i.e., no Cl2 in the product stream). Use the extent of reaction method for your solution.
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a. What is meant by countercurrent operation?
b. Why is a packed bed absorption column column operated countercurrently?
c. How would the performance change if the column was operated cocurrently?
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A dilute aqueous solution of sulfuric acid at 25°C is used to absorb ammonia in a continuous reactor, thereby producing ammonium sulfate, a fertilizer:
2NH3(g) + H2SO4(aq) ? (NH4)2SO4(aq)
a)If the ammonia enters the absorber at 75°C. the sulfuric acid enters at 25°C, and the product solution emerges at 25°C, how much heat must be withdrawn from the unit per mol of (NH4)2SO4 produced?
b)Estimate the final temperature if the reactor of part (a) is adiabatic and the product of the solution contains 1.00 mole % ammonium sulfate. Take the heat capacity of the solution to be that of pure liquid water [4.184 kJ/(kg·°C)].
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A rigid, well-insulated tank contains wet steam (20:80 wt% liquid:vapor) at 200 ◦C. The wet steam is withdrawn from the tank until the fluid remaining in the tank is at 150 ◦C. The process is carried out slowlysuchthatinternalgradientsarenegligibleinsidethetank. Determineattheendofthisprocess: (a) The pressure in the tank. (b) The mass fraction of vapor and liquid in the tank. (c) The fraction of total water (liquid and vapor) present initially that was withdrawn
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Respond to the following based on your reading.
1. How would you calculate the atomic mass of an atom of silver (Ag)?
2. The element chlorine (CI) has 17 protons and 17 electrons. What happens to an atom of chlorine (CI) if it gains an electron?
3. How does an atom differ from a molecule?
4. How do protons, neutrons, and electrons differ?
5. The element lithium (Li) has 3 protons and 3 electrons. The element fluorine (F) has 9 protons and 9 electrons. An atom of the element lithium (Li) transfers an electron to an atom of the element fluorine (F). Which type of bond results between the atoms, and what happens to the charges in each of the atoms? 6. Why do the minerals graphite and diamond look different even though they're made from the same element, carbon (C)?
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A particular element is tri-cationic (3+) and has a total of 73 electrons. The number of neutrons is 1.5 times greater than the number of protons. What element is this, how many protons and neutrons does this element have, and what is its atomic mass number?
Name of element
protons
neutrons
atomic mass number
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What are the main chemical reactions involved in AMD formation?
What is the “initiator reaction” and the “propagation cycle”? Why is this cyclical nature (regeneration of Fe2+) problematic?
How do microbes play a role in these reactions?
What is “yellow boy”?
Oxidation of Fe2+ is very slow at low pH values. Why does this reaction occur then in acidic environments?
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How does energy play a role in chemical reactions and describe its role in a chemical reaction that you have seen or done in your everyday life.(endothermic and exothermic reactions)
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