A 10.0 m3 tank contains steam at 250°C and 10.0 bar. The tank and its contents are cooled until the pressure drops to 1.8 bar. Some of the steam condenses in the process.
(a) How much heat was transferred from the tank?
(b) What is the final temperature of the tank contents?
(c) How much steam condensed (kg)?
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Steam produced in a boiler is frequently “wet”—that is, it is a mist composed of saturated water vapor and entrained liquid droplets. The quality of a wet steam is defined as the fraction of the mixture by mass that is vapor.
A wet steam at a pressure of 5.0 bar with a quality of 0.85 is isothermally “dried” by evaporating the entrained liquid. The flow rate of the dried steam is 52.5 m3/h.
(a) Use the steam tables to determine the temperature at which this operation occurs, the specific enthalpies of the wet and dry steams, and the total mass flow rate of the process stream.
(b) Calculate the heat input (kW) required for the evaporation process.
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o Explain in your own words and without the use of jargon (a) the three ways of obtaining values of physical properties;
o (b) why some fluids are referred to as incompressible;
o (c) the “liquid volume additivity assumption” and the species for which it is most likely to be valid;
o (d) the term “equation of state”;
o (e) what it means to assume ideal gas behavior;
o (f) what it means to say that the specific volume of an ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure is 22.4 L/mol;
o (g) the meaning of partial pressure;
o (h) why volume fraction and mole fraction for ideal gases are identical;
o (i) what the compressibility factor, z, represents, and what its value indicates about the validity of the ideal gas equation of state;
o (j) why certain equations of state are referred to as cubic; and
o (k) the physical meaning of critical temperature and pressure (explain them in terms of what happens when a vapor either below or above its critical temperature is compressed). In addition, pick either a pure liquid or gas (i.e., ethanol, oxygen, eugenol, helium) that sparks your interest and provide some of its physical properties, its uses, and why you chose it. Enjoy!
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Oil (s = 0.850 and µ = 14.0 cP) is flowing out the end of a 100 ft long pipe with a diameter of 4.026 in at the maximum flow rate to remain in the laminar flow regime. (a) At what angle, in degrees, would you have to tilt this pipe so that the pressure drop is zero? Is the angle uphill or downhill? l (b) How much work is lost to friction? Give your answer in lbf ft/lbm. Answers should be 0.094 degrees downhil and 0.164 lbf ft/lbm
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200 SCMH of dry CO2 is bubbled through a vessel that contains liquid acetone. The gas leaves the vessel with a relative saturation of 90% at 320 K. All process streams can be assumed to be at1 atm. Calculate: a) the dew point temperature of the exiting gas. b) the mole fraction of acetone in the exiting gas. c) the rate at which acetone is stripped from the liquid phase (molar flow rate). d) the actual volumetric flow rate of the exiting gas. e) the temperature to which the gas would have to be cooled to condense 95% of the acetone in the gas stream
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Solid particles of density 2500 kgm-3 were packed into a fluidized bed reactor of 2 m in height and 0.04 m2 in cross-sectional area. The mass and height of the packed bed are 45 kg and 1 m, respectively. The surface-volume mean diameter of the particles is 1 mm.
(a) Determine the porosity of the packed bed.
(b) Determine the pressure drop across the bed when a liquid of density 800 kgm-3 and viscosity of 0.002 Pa s flows through the bed at a flow rate of 1.44 m3h-1.
(c) What is the pressure drop across the bed at the point of fluidization if the porosity is 0.6?
Thanks in advance
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If volume changes (for example, piston is pushed down or moved up), how would the total pressure change (T=constant)? How would mole fraction of the components change: in vapor? in liquid?
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The company operates 1000 gallon batch fermentors that operate daily. The media used in the fermentation contains 5% glucose (g/100 mL) and 10 g/L NaCl. We have three liquid streams available in the plant: (1) pure water, (2) a 10 M solution of NaCl, (3) a 20 % solution of glucose. Please calculate the flow rates (lbs/day) of each solution that are needed to meet our fermentation demands.
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100 moles of a mixture containing 45.9 wt% methane and remainder propane are burned with 40% excess oxygen. There is 80% conversion of both methane and propane. Given MWs: CH4= 16, C3H8= 44, O2= 32, H2O = 18, CO2= 44
a) Balance the following reactions:____ CH4 + ____ O2 -->____ CO2+ ____ H2O
____ C3H8 + ____ O2--->____ CO2 + ____ H2O (I understand this and have it correct)
b) How many moles of O2 must be supplied for 80% conversion of both methane and propane?
c) What is the exit composition of the combustion reactor in mole percents?
PLEASE SHOW ALL WORK LEADING TO ALL CALCULATED VALUES
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Control of imports of dual-use toxic chemicals - what could be the shortcomings and weaknesses in an existing regulatory framework in the control of toxic chemicals?
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An ammonia heat engine has the following reversible steps:
1 ? 2 Isothermal heating of saturated liquid @ 60°C to superheated vapor
2 ? 3 Adiabatic expansion to saturated vapor at -20°C
3 ? 4 Isothermal cooling to a 2 phase fluid
4 ? 1 Adiabatic compression back to state 1
Find QH (in kJ/kg). Use the correct sign convention to indicate the direction of heat. Hint: build a T-S diagram of the whole cycle first.
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how can state parties to the CWC (chemical weapons convention) ensure that all stakeholders, including the employees of customs, border-control and law enforcement authorities, are well aware of the requirements under the chemical weapons convention and of the crucial role they each play in the maintenance of regional and national security, given the emerging threat posed by non-state actors?
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Describe the following:
(1) Efects of natural convection at heat exchanger
(2) Frank's laws and color temperature
(3) Geometric factor and overall interchange factor
(4) Factors Affecting Evaporator Capacity
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How do I know that steam distillation finished?
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