Why does the entropy increase when a lipid bilayer forms from phospholipid molecules?

What is the difference between IC50, EC50, and Ki?

Match the valence electrons with the elements K, P, Ar, B, CI, Si (3.0 marks) Valence electrons 4 Element (b) Calculate the oxidation number Sulphur in (NH4),SO4 Nitrogen in Nitric acid

A reducing elbow in a horizontal pipe is used to deflect water flow by an angle θ = 45° from the flow direction while accelerating it. The elbow discharges water into the atmosphere. The cross-sectional area of the elbow is 150 cm² at the inlet and 25 cm² at the exit. The elevation difference between the centers of the exit and the inlet is 40 cm. The mass of the elbow and the water in it is 57 kg. Determine the anchoring force needed to hold the elbow in place. Take the momentum-flux correction factor to be 1.03 at both the inlet and the outlet. The density of water is 1000 kg/m³, and the flow rate of water is 30 kg/s

. One wishes to burn 100 moles of a fuel mixture with weight percentages of 80% CH4, 15% C2H6, and 5% C3H8. Find the following: a) The molar composition of this fuel b) The three balanced reactions for the complete combustion of these hydrocarbons c) The stoichiometric amount of O2 needed for the complete combustion of the fuel d) The actual amount of air needed if you wanted 20% excess Knowing the molecular weights are 16 g/mol for CH4, 30 g/mol for C2H6, and 44 g/mol for C3H8.

A closed system contains an equimolar mixture of n-pentane and isopentane. a) Suppose the system is initially all liquid at 120°C and a high pressure, and the pressure is gradually reduced at a constant temperature. Estimate the pressures at which the first bubble of vapor forms and at which the last drop of liquid evaporates. Also calculate the liquid and vapor compositions (mole fractions) at those two conditions. b) Now suppose the system starts as a vapor at 1960 mm Hg and a high temperature, and the temperature is gradually reduced at constant pressure. Estimate the temperatures at which the first drop of liquid forms and at which the last bubble of vapor condenses. Also calculate the liquid and vapor compositions (mole fractions) at those two conditions. (use excel to solve question b.)

Describe 2 examples of how thermoplastic extrusions are rapidly cooled.

Methanol is produced by reacting carbon monoxide and hydrogen. A fresh feed stream containing CO and H2 joins a recycle stream and the combined stream is fed to a reactor. The reactor outlet stream flows at a rate of 350 mole/min and contains 10.6 wt% H2 , 64 wt% CO and 25.4 wt% CH3OH. This stream enters a cooler in which most of the methanol is condensed. The liquid methanol condensate is withdrawn as a product, and the gas stream leaving the condenser – which contains CO, H2 and 0.4 mole % uncondensed CH3OH vapor – is the recycle stream that combines with the fresh feed. Determine:

a) the molar flow rates of CO and H2 in the fresh feed

b) the production rate of liquid methanol (mol/min) and

c) the molar flow rate of the recycle stream.

(Draw and completely label the process flow diagram and determine all molar flow rate)

A copper ball of temperature 100 °C is immersed to a water bath of 50 °C. After 10 minutes the temperature of the ball is 80 °C and the temperature of the water is 60 °C. You may assume that Newton’s Law of Cooling is obeyed and all the heat lost by the ball is absorbed by the water. Find the equilibrium temperature of the ball as a function of time.

The feed to Column C1 is given in Figure 1. The separation is performed to produce a distillate of 95 mol% pure isobutane with a recovery in the distillate of 96%. Because of the sharp separation in Column C1 between isobutane and normal butane, asuume all propane goes to the distillate and all pentanes go to the bottoms. ( Propane = 2.2 lbmol/h, Isobutane = 171.1 lbmol/h, Normal butane = 226.6 lbmol/h, Isopentane = 28.1 lbmol/h, Normal pentane = 17.5 lbmol/h ). a) Compute the flow rates in lbmol/h of each component in each of the two product leaving Column 1. b) What is the percent purity of the normal butane bottoms product ? c) If distillate contained no normal butane, what would be the purity of normal butane at the bottoms ?

Methanol is produced by reacting carbon monoxide and hydrogen. A fresh feed stream containing CO and H2 joins a recycle stream and the combined stream is fed to a reactor. The reactor outlet stream flows at a rate of 350 mole/min and contains 10.6 wt% H2, 64 wt% CO and 25.4 wt% CH3OH. This stream enters a cooler in which most of the methanol is condensed. The liquid methanol condensate is withdrawn as a product, and the gas stream leaving the condenser – which contains CO, H2 and 0.4 mole % uncondensed CH3OH vapor – is the recycle stream that combines with the fresh feed. Determine a) the molar flow rates of CO and H2 in the fresh feed b) the production rate of liquid methanol (mol/min) and c) the molar flow rate of the recycle stream.

Five hundred twenty kilograms of aqueous solution containing 185 kg of dissolved MgSO4 is fed to a crystallizer wherein 80% of the dissolved salt crystallizes out as MgSO4·6H2O. The solubility of MgSO4 in the solution leaving the crystallizer is 20 g MgSO4 per 100 g H2O.

A. How many kilograms of the hexahydrate salt crystals are obtained from the crystallizer?

B. How many kilograms of water is evaporated in the process?

Sodium salicylate (HOC6H4COONa) is used in medicine as pain killer. It can be prepared from sodium phenolate (C6H5ONa) and carbon dioxide. Most commonly, solutions of sodium phenolate are produced by treating phenol with sodium hydroxide. Suppose phenol is run into a 30% excess hot aqueous caustic soda (87% NaOH by mass) with 130 m3 dry carbon dioxide at 300 kPa and 100oC per hr. After the desired amount of carbon dioxide is absorbed and reacted, sodium salicylate solution is withdrawn. The solution has a composition of 68.21% HOC6H4COONa, 8.73% C6H5ONa, 5.24% C6H5OH, 8.92% NaOH, and 8.90% H2O. The gaseous stream contains CO2 and H2O. On a basis of 100 kg hot aqueous caustic soda, calculate:

a) kg of salicylate solution/hr

b) degree of completion of the reaction

c) composition of gaseous stream