Question

Antimicrobials and their action.

Antimicrobial agent	Infectious agent	General target and outcome	Side effects to host
Sulfonamides
Nystatin and Amphoteracyn B
Chloramphenicol
Vancomycin Bendazoles
Tetracycline
Penicillins and Cephalosporins
Griseofulvin
Flouroquinolines
Quinines
Streptomycin
Acyclovir

Answer 1

Antimocrobials and their action

Antimicrobial Agent	Infectious Agent	General target and outcome	Side effects to host
Sulfonamides	Bacteria	Act as competitive inhibitor of enzyme dihydropteroate synthase(DHPPS),enzyme involved in folate synthesis.	Headache, Dizziness, Diarrhea,Tiredness, Nausea,vomiting,Pale yellow skin,Joint pain.
Nystatin and Amphoteracyn B	Fungus	Specifically bind to ergosterol in the fungal plasma membrane and increases cell membrane permiabilityand leading to death of fungus.	High fever, hypotension, vomiting, headache, tachypnea,drowsiness
Chloramphenicol	Bacteria	Inhibit protein synthesis specifically chain elongation.Inhibits peptidyl transfarase activity of ribosome.	Aplastic anemia, bone marrow suppression,leukemia,gray baby syndrome, headache
Vancomycin Bendazoles	Bacteria Worms(helminths)	Vancomycin inhibits cell wall synthesis in gram positive bacteria. Bendazoles inhibits tubulin polymerization,results in loss of cytoplasmic microtubles, impaires glucose uptake and ultimately lead to death of worms.	Low blood presure, Indigestion,itching, dizziness, red man syndrome Skin rashes, diarrhea, abdominal pain etc
Tetracycline	Bacteria	Inhibits protein synthesis specifically inhibts attachment of charged amino acyl t-RNA at A site on ribosome.	vomiting diarrhea,rashes, loss of appetite.
Penicillins and Cephalosporins	Bacteria	Inhibits cell wall synthesis in bacteria mainly it inhibits enzyme transpeptidase,which responsible for cross linkange of peptidoglycan during cell wall synthesis.	Itching, rashes, swelling of throat. Pain,diarrohea, hypersensitivity,bleeding etc
Griseofulvin	Fungus	Binds to tubulin, interefare with microtubule function,thus inhibits mitosis.	Fever,swelling of tongue, lack of appetite, vomiting, dizziness etc.
Flouroquinolines	Bacteria	Inhibitor of DNA synthesis, specifically DNA gyrase.	Nausea, vomiting, insomnia headache, rashes, urticaria etc.
Quinines	Protozoa (Plasmodium falciparum)	Inhibit of formation of beta haematin which is toxic product of digestion of haemoglobin by parasite.	Headache, ringing in the ear, sweating, irregular heartbeat, low blood pressure, low platelet count etc.
Streptomycin	Bacteria	Inhibts protein synthesis,specifically inhibts binding of formyl-methionyl t-RNA to 30S subunit of ribosome.	Tinnitus, ataxia, vertigo,vomiting, fever, rash etc
Acyclovir	Virus	Inhibits viral DNA synthesis.Competitively inhibits and inactivates HSV-specified Dna polymerase,	Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, rash etc.