Question

write a 300 word essay being for open borders

Answer 1

ANSWER
BEING FOR OPEN BORDERS
INTRODUCTION
People have moved from place to place since tye begining of human history, whether in search of new land and apsture,or for trade and conquest .The increase incross border flows of trade and finace due to the growing integration of national economies into a world marketso called globalisation plus the developments in transport ,media and communication technologies ,have made these opportunbnities nad territoris now appear closer than ever.

Migration often involves the crossing of borders separating one country from another and it therefore affects particularly every state in world,either as acountry of origin ,as a palce of destination or both .This has madce migration a major political issue . Migrants are increasingly confronted with restrictive measures and xenophobic public attitudes ,exacerbated by the securitisation .

REASON FOR MIGRATION
Economically driven explanations regard migration as a consequence of an uneven geograpphical distribution of labour and capital .This motivates workers to go from countries or regions where labour is abundant and wages low to , labour scarce countries where wages are high . The result is a redistribution of labour and the eventual equalisation of wages between coutries incducing migratory flows to stop.
The decison to migrate is therefore made rationally , voluntary and by choice either by individuals or as household .But although differences in economic opprtunities are important reasons for migrations.

Another way to explain migration is by including a socio -political perspective .Marxist dependency and world system theories connect labour migration to capitalism and imperialism whereby migration is regarded as inevitable in societies transition to capitalism with labour being instrumental in capitalist production and capital accumulation migration is seen as away of core countries dominating peripheral areas ,.This domination first occured because of colonistaion and now it is ahped by the power of transational corporations and foreign direct investment .Migration therefore leads to more inequality instead of convergence between cpuntries .The deicision to migrate is not about choice ,it is a strategy for survial.

MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT
The way that migratrion links into development strategies is through remittances , the money migrants send beck home .For deveeloping countries ,remittance are a crucial sourece of national income and foreign exchange Whats more , it is a reliable source of income than other more volatile capital flows such as foreign direct investement. Exporting workers in exchange for remittances are therefore an important means for developing countries goverenments tt cope with unemployment and foreign debt . in the Phillipines , as in China and Bangladesh, where emigration is actively promoted , remittances represent about a third of foreign exchange.
But not only unskilled workers emigrate .Miliions of highly educated and skilled people move from countries where human capital is relatively scarce .the World Bank estimates that more than 15 % of Africa s skilled workers with atertiary educatiion move abroad , a number higher than any region in the world . The UN considers this Brain Drain one of the greatest obstacles to Africas development.
Migration to contribution to development and poverty reduction in developing countries is predominantly linked to remittances , but althoughthese money flows have improved the living conditions of millions of households and have become acrucial source of a national income and foreign exchange , the trade offs related to the export of human capital need not be taken for grnted . Migration can equally impede development as is refelcted in the brain drain and the exarcerbated circumstances they create for thodsse left behiind . Adiditionally , the role migration is said to play in social development remains heavily dependent on the prevalent process of inclusion and exclusion , social changes happen slowly .
What would be of great benefit to the development of migranrt - sending countriesw is if migrant workers could return to their home quantities not only with finacial remittances but with enhance dskills . But this tendency is strngly reduced the tighter the control on migration . Strict immigration policies fuelo the impulse to stay and settle in countries the country of destination in order to secure continue access to work . This brings to the impact the response of governement policies and social attitudes have on migration.

MAIN CONCERNS FOR GOVERNMENTS

The main cconcern for governments is the permanent settlement of migrants as the formation of new eethnic communities and an icrease i ethnic and cultural diversity is reagrded as athreta to that power . As such governemnets are keen to demonstrate that they are able to manage , control or stop migration .

FIRST governments tend to divide international immigrants up into categories , those migrants considered economically beneficial are provided the documents in order to enter the country legally . Examples are highly skilled and business migrants or lowers killed temporary labour migrants , guest workers and those who move because of family reunion , but their desirability and legality is increasingly become a grey area.
SECOND governmenrts tend to regard an increase in ethnic and cultural diversity as a threat to a countrys national sovereignity and identity state ., through its government - exercise control over who moves into and out of this domain A nation state depends upon a cultural as well as a political unity in ordeer to survive . Countries such as the new post colonial nation states in Africa , therefore emabarked on aprocess of nation building at the time of their independence.
THIRDalthough government s recognise ther ole migration can play in development , this recognition is driven by migration prevention rather than development by migration . developmenbt policies , development assistance and trade liberalisation are regarded effecetive remedies against migration , basd on the premise that increased economic developmkent in migrant sending countries will lessen the need or wish people to migrate , This however disregards the understandings that oit is not the very poor who migrate.
CONCLUSION
Current responses of migrant receiving governemnts and societies disregard the realities of migratory flows and hamper the developmental contribution migration could make . Restrictive discriminatory immigration measures have left migrants increasingly without a means to protect themselves from exploiitation an dor abuse.Posting migrants as foreigners xenophobia and irregular and crimianlised migration .
The option of enforced assimilation is neither realistic nor just and contadicts the transnational character of globalisation . designing policies that focus on development as migration prevention instead of on migration for development stimulation tend to come at the cost of the worlds poor international migration affects practically every state in the world , either as a country of origin, as a place of destination or both .
The rise in xenophobia and irregular and criminalised migration and the consequent explouitation and or abuse of migrants as aresult of restrictive discriminatory immigration measures , weaken huamn rights and the idea of democracy.
A change in both the design of policies and the political and popular discourse with regards to intrnational migration is needed. A change that not only takes account , but celebrates the important contribution migrants make towards the development of their countries of origin and towards the prosperity of destination countries .