Question

1. Describe the etiology, complications, interprofessional care, and nursing management of nausea and vomiting.

2. Describe the etiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of common oral inflammations and infections.

3. Describe the etiology, clinical manifestations, complications, interprofessional care, and nursing management of oral cancer.

4. Explain the types, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, complications, and interprofessional care (including surgical therapy and nursing management) of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and hiatal hernia.

5. Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, complications, and interprofessional care of esophageal cancer, diverticula, achalasia, and esophageal strictures.

6. Differentiate between acute and chronic gastritis, including the etiology, pathophysiology, interprofessional care, and nursing management.

7. Compare and contrast gastric and duodenal ulcers, including the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, complications, interprofessional care, and nursing management.

8. Describe the clinical manifestations, interprofessional care, and nursing management of stomach cancer.

9. Explain the common etiologies, clinical manifestations, interprofessional care, and nursing management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

10. Identify common types of foodborne illnesses and nursing responsibilities related to food poisoning.

Answer 1

1. ETIOLOGY OF NAUSEA AND VOMITING: Nausea and vomiting can be :

• Gastritis
• Stomach infection.
• Food poisoning.
• Lifestyle.
• Certain treatments such as chemotherapy.
• Stress.
• Gastroparesis.
• Stomach cancer.
• Head injury.
• Heart attack.
• Sometimes it is also psychological.
• Pregnancy due to high human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG).

COMPLICATION OF NAUSEA AND VOMITING :

• Electrolyte imbalance.
• Severe dehydradation.
• Fatigue.
• Malnutrition.
• Hypotension.
• Metabolic disorders.
• Weight loss.
• Pneumonia as the vomiting can get aspirated to the lungs.
• Injury to the esophageal region.

INTERPROFESSIONAL CARE OF NAUSEA AND VOMITING :

Interprofessional care of nausea and vomiting involves diagnosing the condition and accordingly providing the treatment for the condition, nausea and vomiting is usually treated as per the symptoms.

NURSING MANAGEMENT OF NAUSEA AND VOMITING :

• Assess the patient's weight and height.
• Replace the fluid loss.
• Prepare a meal plan for the patient as per the patient's need.
• Replace the electrolytes loss.
• Divert patient's mind from any stress.
• Administer antacids in order to prevent gastritis.
• Administer anti-emetics.
• Assess for any signs of malnutrition and dehydration.
• Maiting input and output chart.
• Evaluate the care.
• Documentation.

2. ETIOLOGY OF COMMON ORAL INFLAMMATIONS :

• Infection.
• mechanical injury while chewing any hard food.
• Diet.
• Tobacco chewing.

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION:

• Fever.
• Pain.
• Redness.
• Difficult eating food.
• Abscess formation in the site.

TREATMENT OF COMMON ORAL INFLAMMATIONS :

Treatment usually involves symptomatic treatment:

• One can take analgesic for pain.
• Avoid eating any spicy, hot or foods which can injure the area.
• Antibiotics for infection.
• Encourage drinking more fluids.

3. ETILOGY OF ORAL CANCER :

• Tobacco.
• Not maintaining oral hygiene.
• Chronic alcohol abuse.
• Diet.
• frequent injury and ulcers in the oral region.

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF ORAL CANCER :

• Frequent sore throat.
• Difficult to eat or swallow down food.
• Pain.
• Gum bleeding.
• Abnormal growth at the site.
• Lesions.
• Difficulty in healing.

COMPLICATION OF ORAL CANCER :

• Difficult in eating or swallowing food (Dysphagia)
• Chronic pain.
• Weight loss.
• Anorexia.
• Manutrition.
• Weak immune system.

INTERPROFESSIONAL CARE :

Interprofessional care involves properly diagnosing and treating the patient accordingly, by chemotherapy, nutritionist, physiotherapy in case of muscle weakness etc.

NURSING MANAGEMENT FOR ORAL CANCER :

• Assess the pain scale score, the inflammation, patient's weight, and the diet chart.
• Encourage the patient to take food.
• Maintain patient's oral hygiene.
• Inspect any redness or changes in the mouth everyday.
• Provide psychological support.