What are the 4 types of hypersensitivities (allergic responses)? Give an example of each. Types 1,...

What are the 4 types of hypersensitivities (allergic responses)? Give an example of each. Types 1, 2, and 3 are similar in what way?

Expert Solution

Hypersensitivity reactions are exaggerated immune response of the body towards foreign antigens that can even lead to fatal anaphylaxis.

The 4 types of hypersensitivity are:-

1. Type1 hypersensitivity- Antigens referred to as allergens induce cross-linking of IgE bound to mast cells and basophils with release of vasoactive mediators.

Example-Hay fever, asthma, hives.

2. Type 2 hypersensitivity- This is IgG mediated cytotoxic hypersensitivity. Antibody directed against cell surface antigens mediates cell destruction via complement activation.

Example-Blood transfusion reaction, erythroblastosis fetalis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

3. Type 3 hypersensitivity- Antigen antibody complexes deposited in various tissues induce complement activation further inflammation mediated by neutrophil infiltration.

Example-Rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematous.

4. Type 4 hypersensitivity- This is also known as Cell-mediated hypersensitivity. Sensitized delayed T cells release cytokines that activate macrophages or Tc cells which mediate direct or cellular damage.

Example-Contact dermatitis and graft rejection.

Type 1,2 and 3 hypersensitivities are antibody mediated however type 4 is mediated by T cell lymphocytes.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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What are the 4 types of hypersensitivities (allergic responses)? Give an example of each. Types 1,...

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