Question

(1) Describe one adaptation that varies across populations. It can be related to variation in population histories of infectious disease exposure, diet, or the environment in which the population lives. (2) Explain the genetic basis for this adaptation. That is, what is the underlying genetic component and what is its function?

Answer 1

1. Ans- positive Natural selection, or the tendency of beneficial traits to increase in prevalence in a population, is the driving adaptation variations. Beneficial traits are extremely varied and may include anything from protective coloration, to the ability to utilize a new food source, to a change in size or shape that might be useful in a particular environment. Three significant forces that have been identified thus far include changes in diet, changes in climate, and infectious disease.

The development of agriculture also changed the selective pressures on humans in another way: increased population density made the transmission of infectious disease easier, and it probably expanded the already substantial role of pathogens as agents of natural selection. That role is reflected in the traces left by selection in variations , multiple loci associated with disease resistance have been identified as probable sites of selection. In most cases, resistance is to the same disease infections.

When an environmental stress is constant and lasts for many generations, successful adaptation may develop through biological evolution. In response to environmental stresses usually takes many generations to become widespread in a population. Fortunately, the word adaptation is reserved for inheritable genetic changes developed in a population over a long period of time. A lack of specific kinds of specific kinds of nutrients can result in other life threatening health problems. For instance, diet leading to a malnutrition that is acclimatization occuring in childhood may result in anatomical changes.

Adaptibility to specific environmental variations varies from person to person and from population to population. We are not all biologically equal. For instance , some groups of people are more adjusting in adaptation. Others can better handle intense diet and exposure to infectious diseases. Adaptation responses tend to occur in spatial clusters around the world. Usually, the most efficient adaptations for specific environmental stresses are found in variations related to infectious diseases historical, diet . This is evidence that natural selection has occurred in the successfully adaptation population.

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