Explain genetic inheritance of the resistance trait? Adaptation: a population of bacteria can now live and...

Explain genetic inheritance of the resistance trait?
Adaptation: a population of bacteria can now live and reproduce in the presence of the drug?

Expert Solution

Genetic resistance occurring in microorganisms and transferred from one bacteria to another bacteria as:

Horizontal gene transfer- conjugation. Transformation, transduction, between resistant and non-resistant bacteria, if they co-exist in same place.
Vertical gene transfer, due to repeated use of the same type of drugs.
Mutations in bacterial genome, resulting in different phenotype, that the drug can no longer recognize.
Such resistance factor is widely observed as antibiotic resistance.

Example:

· · The resistant strain of Salmonella has resistance factor like resistant plasmid, containing resistant genes (like- ampr, chlr, tetr) against the specific antibiotics (as Ampicillin, Cloramphenicol, Tetracycline).

· · The resistant gene may be transferred to antibiotic sensitive strain of E. coli the process of horizontal gene transfer.

· · In this case, transformation may occur by uptake of resistant factor in form of a naked DNA, by the recipient E. coli.

· · Resistance may also be transferred through bacteriophages which may carry the resistance gene from Salmonella to E. coli.

· · The resistance gene received by the E. coli cell will further spread to other sensitive strain by conjugation, thus, antibiotic strains of E. coli will be generated.

gladiator answered 2 years ago

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