Question

a few Health Questions :

1. What do you believe are the greatest nutrition challenges for pregnancy and lactation?

2. What is the order in which solid foods are introduced to an infant over the first year of life?

3. How do nutrient requirements change over time from childhood, through adolescence, adulthood, and older adulthood?

Answer 1

1. The greatest nutrition challenge during pregnancy and lactation is Iron and calcium deficiency. Although the need for total calorie increases, these are micronutrients required for blood formation (Iron) and bone growth (Calcium) for the fetus. There are supplements available but it is essential to give dietary nutrients since it is easily absorbed. A diet high in iron and calcium including more fruits and vegetables and avoiding caffeine is essential.

2. Exclusive breast feeding is recommended during the first 6 months of life for the infant. At 6 months cereal foods in the form of porridge (rice, millet maize etc) and smooth purees (of cooked vegetables and fruits like apple) can be given. During 6- 9 months mashed foods with soft lumps (mashed lentils,pulses, fruits, vegetables and minced meat etc) can be given. 9-12 months hard finger foods including starchy foods (potato, rice, oats, bread etc), fruits and vegetables, pulses and meat can be introduced.

3. The nutrient requirements for different age group is as follows:

• Childhood - Children require more protein(meat, dhal, pulses) essential for growth and development. The total calorie requirement is also high since their activity and energy expenditure is more. Also they require variety in diet to improve their interest in eating.
• Adolescence - Since adolesence is a period of rapid growth the total calorie requirement including carbohydrate, protein, fat and other micronutrients is high. Girls are risk for anemia and iron rich diet is essential. Junk foods need to be avoided.
• Adulthood - A balanced diet with adequate carbohydrate, protein and moderate amount of fat, sodium and simple sugars is required since the incidence of diabetes, hypertension etc are increasing in this agegroup. Also diet rich in antioxidents is essential. Regular physical activity along with diet is essential for weight management.
• Older adult - The calorie requirement reduces with decreasing phyical activity. Need for micronutrients remain high with age related diminishing gastrointestinal functioning. Change in consistency of food many be required.