1. In the RNA molecules, indicate: The type of mutation that occured (substitution, insertion or deletion)...

1. In the RNA molecules, indicate: The type of mutation that occured (substitution, insertion or deletion) and the consequence of the mutation (silent, missense, nonsense or frameshift):

Origional: 5'-AUG-UUU-CCG-AGC-UGC-CCC-GAA-UGC-UGC-3'

A. 5'-AUG UUU CCG AGC UAC CCC GAA UGC UGC-3'

B. 5'- AUG UUU CCG AGC UCC CCG AAU GCU GC-3'

C. 5'-AUG UUU CCG AGC UGA CCC GAA UGC UGC-3'

D. 5'- AUG UUU CCG AGC CCC CGA AUG CUG C-3'

Expert Solution

It is best to understand the meanings or definitions behind the terminology being used in this question.

Type of Mutation:
Substitution: A single alphabet (base-pair) change. From like to like, or like to opposite (i.e. Pu to Pu or Pu to Py, or vice-versa where Pu is Purine and Py is Pyrimidine.
Insertion: A single alphabet (base-pair) is added.
Deletions: A single alphabet (base-pair) is removed.

Consequence of Mutation:
Silent: A single alphabet (base-pair) change leads to the same amino acid attachment as the previous codon.
Mis-sense: A single alphabet (base-pair) change leads to the another amino acid attachment as the previous codon, however overall effect is not detrimental to the protein structure, and as a consequence its function.
Non-sense: A single alphabet (base-pair) change leads to the another amino acid attachment as the previous codon, however overall effect is detrimental to the protein structure, and as a consequence its function. Apart from that the change might lead to establishment of stop codon or loss of start codon and as such non-sense protein.
Frame-shift: A single alphabet (base-pair) change leads to a shift in the 3-at-a-time frame in which codons are considered, leading to an entirely different protein product.

O: 5'-AUG-UUU-CCG-AGC-UGC-CCC-GAA-UGC-UGC-3'
A. 5'-AUG UUU CCG AGC UAC CCC GAA UGC UGC-3' Substitution & Mis-sense (UAC codes for Tyr)
B. 5'- AUG UUU CCG AGC UCC CCG AAU GCU GC-3' Deletion & Frameshift (3-base codon pairing altered)
C. 5'-AUG UUU CCG AGC UGA CCC GAA UGC UGC-3' Substitution & Non-sense (UGA denotes Stop Codon)
D. 5'- AUG UUU CCG AGC CCC CGA AUG CUG C-3' Deletion & Frameshift (3-base codon pairing altered)

gladiator answered 2 years ago

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