Question

Type a 1 page notes or information on Types of RNA- Particularly Non Coding RNA. Type do not write the notes.

Answer 1

Ans.

Ribonucleic acid or RNA as it is commonly called is a polymer of nucleotides made of ribose sugar,phosphate along with bases such as guanine,cytosine,adenine and uracil.It acts as an intermediate between genetic information encoded by the DNA and protein and hence plays a vital role in gene expression.

There are 3 major type of RNA that are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.They are:

1. Messanger RNA (mRNA) - Out of total RNA in the cell, mRNA which is a coding RNA account for just 5%.In terms of size and base sequences this is the most heterogenous of all types.These are made in nucleus of the cell and then exported to cytoplasm.During transcription the complementary genetic code copied are carried by these mRNA.These codes are called codons that are of the form of triplets of nucleotides.During the synthesis of protein,ribosome reads the base sequence of mRNA and use the genetic code to translate the codons into corresponding amino acid.
2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) - These are non-coding RNA that accounts for nearly 80% of the total RNA in the cell and are composed of 50S and 30S subunits,know as the large subuni and the small subunit respectively.It helps in the formation of ribosomes where the synthesis of protein takes place, by combining with proteins and cytoplasmic enzymes.During translation they travel along the mRNA inorder to help forming polypeptide chain by assembling amino acids.
3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) - These are non-coding RNA that are essential components of the translation process and is the smalles of all that possess just 75-95 nucleotides.It's major role is the transferring of amino acids during the synthesis of protein,hence the name transfer RNA.The presence of specific tRNA for each of the amino acids helps binding them,thus transferring to the growing polypeptide chain.