Question

What is the psychoanalytic approach to psychology and what are the strengths and weaknesses?

Answer 1

Psychoanalytic approach to psychology relates to the psychological theories and therapeutic techniques that developed out of the work of Sigmund Freud, who is known to be the father of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis considers that psychological problems are embedded in the unconscious mind, and are, therefore, latent or hidden. Latent problems have symptoms, which are exhibited by the disturbed person. People use defence mechanisms, as a means to protect themselves from anxiety-causing materials in the unconscious. This is when psychoanalysis, as a treatment method comes into play. Psychoanalysis considers that the development of personality is determined by early childhood incidences. Psychoanalysis is based on the belief that unconscious thoughts, feelings, desires and memories, determine a person's behaviours and actions. When unconscious material is pushed into one's consciousness, it leads to 'catharsis' or release of problems and associated emotions, and achievement of 'insight' into one's present state of mind. This technique thus helps a person to obtain relief from mental problems and stress.

Psychoanalysis, as an approach has various limitations. It is said that Freud attached too much importance to the unconscious mind, sex, aggression and childhood experiences. There are several concepts forwarded by the psychoanalytic theorists, which are difficult to measure and quantify. It is important to note that Freud's concepts were based on case studies and clinical observations, rather than empirical and scientific research.

Psychoanalysis also has various strengths or advantages. It is important to note that the methods and theories of psychoanalysis led to the development of experimental psychology. Psychoanalysis led to the development of a treatment method. Talking about problems with a professional has indeed served as a way to remove psychological distress.