Question

 

1- Compare the various incentive-based environmental policies to the standards approach. What are the strengths and weaknesses of each? (Please answer at least in 150 words).

Define the following terms

1- Externality

2- Performance standards versus Design Standards

3- Marketable pollution permits

4- Minimum wage

5- Cost-benefit analysis

Answer 1

For Changing the poductivity and the production methods in the industry there is several types of tools are available, Concerned with the pollutions cases there must be usage in either traditional methods or the modern technologies should be used to reduce the emission of pollution in the world. For that purpose some rules and regulations are applied by the differnet countries. Let's look some Rules and laws of USA Regarding this matter

1. United state Enviornmental Agency in 2004. Should be focused on protetion of enviornment through Adminstrative Section

2. United States Environmental Protection Agencies in 2001. Main focus on for the protection of enviornment to provide adequate Finacial help to this matter

3. United States Enviornmental Protection Agencies in 1991. Mainly deals with finanacial activities related to protecting the enviornment.

There is basically 2 standards are there to protect the enviornmental issues. One is from the tradition form other is from the moodern technologies to be used to reduce the emission. If we are applying to the technological concept into the protection of enviornment we can't assure about the total successful in that mission. Sometimes we may develop the technologies to prevent the dangeours emission to the enviornment like Chloro Fluro Carbon or Pesticides. But in all cases it shall not in a corrrective steps towards these technologies that applied in the dangeous emission that distruct in our enviornment.

Normally we are using the tradition materials to prevent or reducing the pollution from the world this was the good answers for the same. But in some cases like climate change or Weather change situation some new techonological tools are available.

Strength and weakness

In traditional methor or in modern technology methods that used to takling the protection environment has its stregth and weakness are there. Apply to modern technologies are usbale is some situation but it Can't workout in some times. Traditional methods are more useful to reduce the emmission but its have some limitation are there. For reducing the emision there is team work should be applied in financial economical and cultural level to protect the enviornment. Some countries are applied for command and control strategies to protect the enviornment. In primaface this apply these stragies are more useful than the tradional method but in long impact this stragey will create lot of problem in our community to take part in the success. The command and control strategies are applied only useful in some control area is the best critisisum for the same. If the consumer buy the product from these controlled firms it will more costlier that the regualar that create to increase the budget level of the community. This will crease increase the cost in society as well.

Look at some Definitions related to this

1. Externality: There is some external factors that would impact in the protection of Enviornment. Externality may be possitive or negative nature. But in our government system should control these externality to their internal success. For Example if the envoironment pollution that was happend through Air pollution will effect the economical as well as the healthy problem in the society.

2. Perfomance Standard Vs Design Standards : For the desing standard control facts should give some rules and regualation for the applicaiton. They will monitor these things whether the standard is going upward or downward.Especially in the automobile sectors. In desing standatd they will allow to choose the most favourbale one. They are appointed the standard team to monitoring the same. Design standard create it own freedon in the application and want reduce the rules and regulation from the government as well as the other forms.

3. Marketable Pollution Permit : The main advantage for this stragies are it allows a minimum level for the traditional emission protection. This   will allow some minimum level that must be emitted in lawful way that help to ideal in this strageies are more useful in the present economic situation in the world.

4. Minimum Wages: Minimum wages policy which are applicable by the society will effect the totality in the enviornmental issues. Minimum wages means it should allow to give the prescrible wages what ever the work they done with considering the living cost of the country. Wages from developed countries are far better than the developing countries. This will also effect in the sustainablity of the eviornment in protection.

5. Cost Benefit Analysis: To prevent or reduction of emmission in the pollution or the protection of enviorment in the present would rely on the most usable cost benefit strategies to get the benefit out of the reduction in emmission. This tools are more worthfull to calculate the pollutions and will defind that what extend it would reduced with mathematical calculation logic.