Explain operant conditioning therapy with its principles and show how it addresses behavioral problem of hand-biting...

Explain operant conditioning therapy with its principles and show how it addresses behavioral problem of hand-biting (non-suicidal self-injured behavior).

Expert Solution

Operant Conditioning

It is also referred to as instrumental conditioning
A method that employs rewards and punishments for behavioral patterns
An association between the action and the consequences associated with them is established and it guides future behavior related to that context.
The consequences associated with behaviors and actions can be either positive of negative in nature

B.F. Skinner was the person who first described the process of Operant Conditioning as it is also referred to as Skinnerian conditioning

There are several key concepts in the process of Operant conditioning

Reinforcement- An event or object or thing that tends to strengthen or increase the likelihood of the behavior being done or the actions being performed. There are two kinds of reinforcements used:-

Positive reinforcement- outcomes of behaviors that are positive or favorable in nature and they strengthen the likelihood of the behavior they are followed by. These positive reinforcements can be provided after the behavior in forms of direct rewards, praises, money, chocolates, etc. A person performing well at their job can be rewarded with a monetary bonus to strengthen their behavior at work that is bringing profits to the company and make him keep doing it for further bonuses.
Negative reinforcement- removal of unfavorable or negative outcomes after the action or behaviors have taken place to strengthen that behavior. The behavior is strengthened by avoiding/removing/stopping the stimulus that is bringing a negative outcome. An example is a girl doing the dishes in the sink to avoid her mother's nagging and shouting over her.

2. Punishments- Punishments can be understood as a presentation of negative event or outcome that decreases the behavior it has followed. Punishments are used to decrease the likelihood of behavior whereas reinforcements are always used to increase the likelihood of behaviors.

Reinforcements can be provided in schedules to modify their effects.

The behavior of self-injuring by engaging in hand-biting can be done by using punishments whenever the person engages in hand-biting by taking away their favorite toy, not giving them a meal, making them work an extra hour of household chores, etc so that they learn that hand-biting provides with such consequences so that they tend to avoid those and not engage in such behavior

Hayet Jeridi answered 3 months ago

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