Question

1. (a) Discuss the issues of Relational Database Scaling

(b) Briefly, discuss different types of NoSQL databases

Answer 1

1. (a) The issues of relational database scaling :-

• The Relational DB like oracle 12c, MySQL, Postgres and microsoft SQL is design to run on a single server to maintain the integrity of the table mapping and to avoid the problem of distributed computing.
• The relational database have huge issues to achieve scalibility and elasticity. main goal to design relational database was to kept the data neat, small and orderly. but if the data is big than it can be problematic.
• The relational database can not be used in cloud computing where the data is big.
• The organizations choose to shard their database across multiple server by the use of code created in house, which can be very difficult to maintain.
• If a system need to scale, then the customer have to buy more expensive, bigger complex hardware which will able to proccess power, memory and storage.

(b.) Different types of NoSQLdatabase :-

• The NoSQL database is designed and developed to address the need of web scale applications which handled huge amount of data and traffic.
• There are four main types of database which include --
• Key value stores.
• Document database
• Column oriented database
• Graph database
• 1.) Key value stores --
• Key value stores is a simple type of NoSQL database. the data element in the database is stored as a key value pair which has an attribute name or key and a value. the storage of key value is just like relational database which consists only two columns.
• these two column contain name of attribute and value.
• for example - attribute name = "state" and attribute value = "gujarat"
• 2.) Document database --
• The document database stores data in XML documents. by using document database, the documents can be nested and the elements indexes for fater query.
• Document database like MongoDB and CouchDB is very useful componant for full stack development tool chain.
• In document database, the data are stored and retrived in a way that is much closer to data object which is used in application.
• Document database is more popular because it has flexibility to rework their document structure as per their requirement in the application.
• It is usually implemented with a scale out architecture, traffic and provide clear and best path to scalability.
• 3.) Column oriented database --
• The column oriented database is used to store data as a set of columns.
• By using column oriented database you can gain greater speed when querying data.
• This database is most suitable for big data and instances where the data is simple and consistent.
• 4.) Graph database --
• The graph databse is focus on relationship between elements of the data.
• The element is stored as node. with the edges of the node describe relationship to other nodes.
• for example a user on a social media graph. this connection can be called as links between elements.
• The graph database is a multidimensional in nature. they display relationship between data and tables.
• it contains relationship between set of data like customer, products and prices which can be used to build model network.