Question

1.Explain the difference between file-oriented transaction processing systems and relational database systems. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each system.

2. What is the difference in logical view and physical view?

3. Describe the differences between the data definition language (DDL), data manipulation language (DML), and the data query language (DQL).

4. Describe a data dictionary.

5. Explain the relational database data model.

Answer 1

1

A File System is an assortment of crude information files put away in the hard-drive, though a database is expected for effectively arranging, putting away and recovering a lot of information.

In File System, most assignments, for example, stockpiling, recovery and search are done physically and it is very dull though when utilizing a database, the inbuilt DBMS will give computerized techniques to finish these errands

Repetition is control on DBMS though in Filesystem it can't control excess

Utilizing a File System will prompt issues like information honesty, information irregularity and information security, however these issues could be maintained a strategic distance from by utilizing a database.

File system requires extreme program upkeep however in Database least support required

In contrast to a File System, databases are effective on the grounds that perusing line by line isn't required, and certain control instruments are set up.

File Processing System

1: Data Redundancy – Each division or zone in an association has its own documents in a record preparing framework. Hence, similar fields are put away in various records. On the off chance that a document handling framework is utilized at a school, for instance, the Student record and the Student Schedule document both may store similar understudies' names and addresses.

Copying data thusly squanders assets, for example, extra room and individuals' time. At the point when new understudies are included or understudy data is changed, document support undertakings devour extra time since individuals must refresh different records that contain similar data.

Data redundancy likewise can expand the opportunity of blunders. On the off chance that an understudy changes their location, for instance, the school must refresh the location any place it shows up. In the event that the Address field isn't changed in all the documents where it is put away, at that point disparities among the records exist.

2: Isolated Data – Often it is hard to access data put away in discrete documents in various divisions. Sharing data from different, separate records is a confused strategy and for the most part requires the experience of a software engineer.

Database Approach

Reduced Data Redundancy – Most data things are put away in just one record, which significantly diminishes copy data. The above picture shows the contrasts between how a record handling application and a database application may store data.

Improved Data Integrity – When clients alter data in the database, they make changes to one document rather than different records. Along these lines, the database approach expands the data's integrity by lessening the chance of presenting irregularities.

Shared Data – The data in a database situation has a place with and is shared, as a rule over a system, by the whole association. Associations that utilization databases normally have security settings to characterize who can access, include, change, and erase the data in a database.

Easier Access – The database approach permits nontechnical clients to access and look after data, giving they have the essential benefits.

Reduced Development Time – It frequently is easier and quicker to create programs and that utilization the database approach.

2 The logical view is the manner by which the client or developer adroitly sorts out and comprehends the data, for example, data composed in a table. The physical view, then again, alludes to how and where the data are truly organized and put away in the PC framework.Database systems separate logical and physical perspectives. This partition is alluded to as program-data autonomy. Such partition encourages growing new applications since developers can focus on coding the application rationale (what the program will do) and don't have to concentrate on how and where the different data things are put away or accessed. In the document situated exchange systems, developers need to know physical area and format of records which adds another layer of unpredictability to programming.

3A DBMS will utilize data definition, and data question dialects so as to play out the three fundamental, basic data capacities. Data definition is accomplished utilizing data definition language (DDL); data control is accomplished utilizing data control language (DML) which incorporates tasks, for example, refreshing, embeddings, and erasing bits of the database. Data question language (DQL) is utilized to recover, sort, request, and present subsets of data in light of client inquiries. A DBMS will likely additionally incorporate a report author, which is a language that streamlines report creation DDL is the data definition language utilized by the database director (DBA) to make, introduce, portray logical perspectives, and indicate security limits. The DML is the data control utilized by application software engineers who insert these activity orders into application to access data in the database. The DQL is the data question language utilized by IT experts and clients to cross examine the database by recovering and introducing data in novel manners regularly on an impromptu premise. The report essayist is a language utilized by IT experts and clients that rearranges report creation so reports can be made by client determined organization.

4 The data dictionary contains data about the structure of the database. For every datum component, there is a comparing record in the data word reference portraying that component. Data accommodated every component incorporates a portrayal or clarification of the component; the records wherein it is contained; its source, the length and sort of the field where it is put away, the projects where it is utilized, the yields wherein it is contained, the approved clients of the component, and different names for the component.

5

RELATIONAL MODEL (RM) speaks to the database as an assortment of relations. A connection is only a table of qualities. Each column in the table speaks to an assortment of related data esteems. These columns in the table indicate a genuine substance or relationship.

The table name and section names are useful to decipher the significance of qualities in each column. The data are spoken to as a lot of relations. In the relational model, data are put away as tables. In any case, the physical stockpiling of the data is free of the manner in which the data are sensibly organizeD