Question

Question 11 (1 point)

Which of the following are early mediators of type I hypersensitivity?

Question 11 options:

	histamines, prostaglandins, IL-4, serotonin, altered phospholipids
	histamines, prostaglandins as well as eosinophil chemotaxins, serotonin
	histamines, prostaglandins, cytokines, serotonin
	leukotrienes, platelet activating factors, histamines, prostaglandins

Question 12 (1 point)

An example of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is

Question 12 options:

	an allergic reaction to the gold in a ring
	the allergic reaction to peanuts
	a transfusion reaction
	the allergic reaction to poison ivy

Question 13 (1 point)

The purpose of hyposensitization is to develop

Question 13 options:

	IgM that binds to the allergen to block the IgE binding
	IgG in a new type of vaccine to block HIV entry from hypodermic injections
	IgG that binds to the allergen to block the IgE binding
	IgG that crosses the placenta to protect the infant from endemic diseases

Question 14 (1 point)

After antigen-stimulated production of IgE and upon second exposure to the antigen, the antigen

Question 14 options:

	forms immune complexes with circulating IgA and then binds to mast cells, and the IgE becomes cross-linked
	forms immune complexes with circulating IgE and then binds to mast cells, and the IgE becomes cross-linked
	binds to IgE boudn to granulocytes and activates a calcium ion channel
	binds to IgE bound to mast cells, and the IgE becomes cross-linked

Question 15 (1 point)

In a transfusion reaction,

Question 15 options:

	the antibody can bind to surface antigens of red blood cells and activate complement
	the antibody can bind to the surface of red blood cells, which can become phagocytized because of the surface Fc regions
	the antibody can bind to the surface of the red blood cells, which can become phagocytized because of the surface Fab regions
	first and second responses

Answer 1

Ans_11)histamines, prostaglandins as well as eosinophil chemotaxins, serotonin

Explanation: primary mediators of type hypersensitivity are histamines, prostaglandin and eosinophil chemotactic factors and heparin ,serotonin

While secondary mediators are cytokinin (IL-4,5,13),platelet activating factor, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, chemokines

Ans-12

the allergic reaction to peanuts

Non parasitic antigens are capable of causing type hypersensitivity such as food allergen include peas,nuts,egg,bean,milk etc.

Ans-13)IgG that binds to the allergen to block the IgE binding

Explanation:

Hyposensitization involve repeated exposure to small subcutaneous doses of allergens have led to reduction or even complete elimination of type reactions .It involves the shifting of IgE response towards IgG which bind with allergen and block it's interaction with IgE.

Ans_14)binds to IgE bound to mast cells, and the IgE becomes cross-linked

Explanation:

Second encounter of allergy lead to cross linking of IgE bound to receptor of mast cells and basophil reading to release of granular contents of chemical mediators of type 1.

Ans-15)the antibody can bind to surface antigens of red blood cells and activate complement

Explanation: in type 2 hypersensitivity reaction IgG ab bind to foreign antigens which are bound to cell surfaces and lead to optimisation and the optimised ag stimulates various mechanisms such as phagocytosis,complement activation and ADCC.

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