A 3-year-old child has been admitted to the emergency department having swallowed the contents of 2...

A 3-year-old child has been admitted to the emergency department having swallowed the contents of 2 bottles of a nasal decongestant. the active medication is phenylephrine, a potent, selective alpha-adrenoceptor against drug. Which of the following is a sign of a alpha-receptoractivation that may occur in this child? PLEASE EXPLAIN IN 2-3 SENTENCES

a. Bronchodilation

b. Cardiac acceleration (tachycardia)

c. Pupiliary dilation (mydriasis)

d. Renin release dorm the kidneys

e. Vasodilation of blood vessels

Expert Solution

Methoxamine and phenylephrine are used as pressor agents in treating hypotension and shock. Oxymetazoline, tetrahydrozoline, xylometazoline and some preparations of phenylephrine are used as nasal decongestants.

Side effects of centrally acting α2-adrenoceptor agonists include sedation, dry mouth and nasal mucosa, bradycardia (because of increased vagal stimulation of the SA node as well as sympathetic withdrawal), orthostatic hypotension, and impotence. Constipation, nausea and gastric upset are also associated with the sympatholytic effects of these drugs. Fluid retention and edema is also a problem with chronic therapy; therefore, concurrent therapy with a diuretic is necessary. Sudden discontinuation of clonidine can lead to rebound hypertension, which results from excessive sympathetic activity.

When the alpha receptor is stimulated by epinephrine or norepinephrine, the arteries constrict. This increases the blood pressure and the blood flow returning to the heart.

α1 receptor - bronchioles (although minor relative to the relaxing effect of β2 receptor on bronchioles) blood vessels of ciliary body (stimulation causes mydriasis)

Actions of the α1 receptor mainly involve smooth muscle contraction. It causes vasoconstriction in many blood vessels,

Ansewer is Renin release dorm the kidneys (Causes a significantly greater suppression of renin release inhibits renin release by activation of an intrarenal a-adrenergic receptor.)

Nightingale answered 2 years ago

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