Question

Gastrointestinal System drugs categories / class:

Proton Pump Inhibitors- pantoprazole (protonic)

State the following drug:

1. Mechanism of action of the drug

2. The therapeutic action/ effect of this class of drugs,

3. Indications for use, pharmacokinetics,

4. Contraindications, caution,

5. Adverse effects,

6. Any drug to drug interaction

Answer 1

Answer:

1.Mechanism of action:

Pantoprazole( proton pump inhibitor ) irreversibily binds with H+/ K+,ATPase ezymes at the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cells, which results in blocking of all gastric acid secretions until the synthesis of new enzyme.

2. Therapeutic effect:

healing of peptic ulcer, GERD, Barrets esophagus,, Zollinger ellison syndrome, eradication of helicobactor pylori.

3.Indications:

- GERD( gastro esophageal reflux disease).

- esophageal duodenal and stomach ulcer.

- NSAID associated ulcer.

- Zollinger -Elison syndrome( it is a pathological hypersecretory condition).

Pharmocokinetics:

It is well absorbed drug, food may delay tghe absorption for 2 hours.it distributes mainly in the extracellular fluid and it is metabolised in the liver throgh cytochrome p- 450 system.It is excreted 70% throgh urine and 20% in feaces.

4. Contraindications:

patients hypersensitive to the drug.

Caution:

Prolonged use may leads to clostridium deficil infection,osteoporesis, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia.

5.Adverse effects:  

There is no adverse effects with overdose, but side effects may include:

- headache, dizziness.

-nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea.

- joint pain, back pain , neck pain, muscle cramps.

- rash, flu like symptoms

6. Drug to drug interaction:

Poton pump inhibitor may decrease the absorption of ketoconazole, ampicillin. and icrease the concentration of digoxin leads to digoxin toxicity.