Question

Cell Signaling

3.) What is the role of hormones in regulation of metabolism.

Answer 1

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Combined action of a number of hormones like insulin, glucagon, epinephrine and cortisole regulates metabolic processes especially in tissues like liver, muscle and adipose tissues. Insulin and glucagon are the main important hormonal regulators of anabolism and catabolism respectively. When blood glucose is higher than normal level, Insulin signals these cells from tissues and these cells then take up glucose from the blood and glycogen and triacylglycerol etc are formed within cells.

When blood glucose level falls below a certain level,glucagon signals the tissues which respond by producing glucose through glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis and by oxidizing fats to reduce the use of glucose.

To protect the body from low glucose levels, hormones epinephrine , nor-epinephrine, cortisol and growth hormone with glucagon act to oppose the action of insulin. This is done by first decreasing insulin secretion and then by releasing glucagon. Hypoglycemia develops when both glucagon and epinephrine are deficient and insulin is present. Failure of glucose homeostasis in body leads to either hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, both of which are dangerous and damaging consequences. Leptin is synthesized and secreted by adipocytes in proportion to the amount of lipid stored is another hormone involved in hormonal regulation of metabolism. Thyroid hormones increase the basal metabolic rate