Question

example of some good topic in pathology nutrients and area of concern such as disease state , metabolism, treatment in a disease.

Answer 1

Good topic in pathology nutrients and area of concern such as disease state , metabolism, treatment in a disease:

Metabolic syndrome : Diabetes mellitus.

- Metabolic syndrome refers to a cluster of conditons that leads to cardiac disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

- Diabetes caused by alteration in carbohydrate metabolism results in hyperglycemia. It occurs as a result of insulin deficiency or excess intake of carbohydrates, pancreatic tumors affecting Beta cells of Langerhans, destruction of islets, hereditary.

- Types of diabetes mellitus are Type 1 , insulin dependent diabetes mellitus : that results in reduction in number and size of the islets.

- Type 2 diabetes is non insulin dependent diabetes occurs as a result of reduction and islets cells mass and replacement of islets cells by fat and amylin.

- Gestational diabetes mellitus occurs during pregnancy.

Diabetes and metabolism:

Metabolism is a process of chemical reactions inside the cells. It occurs after intake of food. Normally once food is consumed the glucose is formed as a result of carbohydrate metabolism. Then the glucose enters the blood stream. This makes the pancreas to respond to the availability of food in the blood and starts to release insulin. The glucose enters the body cells by using insulin as a mediator. The glucose is travelled to the liver and stored in the form of glycogen. Once the targeted glucose enters the liver the remaining glucose in the blood stream is converted into fats.

In diabetes there is lack of insulin resulting in less ability of the glucose to enter body cells. This in turn leads to glycogenolysis by the liver to meet the glucose demand and gluconeogenesis ,production of new glucose by the metabolism of proteins and fats that results in marked increase in blood glucose levels.

The treatment of diabetes includes: Oral hypoglycemic agents like metformin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones, Insulin.

Healthy eating and encouraging physical activity helps to reduce the serum glucose levels.