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PHC151

Illustrate the adverse effects of the foodborne diseases, foodborne infections and foodborne outbreaks on the human health.

Answer 1

Illustrate the adverse effects of the foodborne diseases

Foodborne illness are usually infectious or toxins in nature and caused by bacteria ,viruses, parasites or chemical substances entering the body through contaminated food or water.

Foodborne pathogens can cause severe diarrhea or debilitating infections including meningitis.

Chemical contamination can lead to acute poisoning or long term diseases such as cancer.foodborne diseases may lead to long lasting disability and death.Eg, unsafe food,uncooked foods of animal origin, fruits and vegetables contaminated with faeces, and raw shellfish containing marine biotoxins.

Foodborne infections

Illness caused by food contaminated with bacteria, viruses,parasites or toxins.The toxins are the most common causes of food poisoning.

Bacteria,

Salmonella, camplyobacter,and coli are among the most common foodborne pathogens that affect millions of people annually sometimes with severe and fatal outcomes.symptoms are fever, headache,nausea,vomiting,diarrhea and abdominal pain.

Listeria, infection leads to miscarriage in pregnant woman or death of new Born babies.

Vibrio cholerae infects people through contaminated water or food .symptoms are abdominal pains,vomiting,diarrhea,and severe dehydration .

Viruses , norovirus infections are characterized by nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea, abdominal pain.spreads typically through raw or undercooked seafood or contaminated raw produce.

Parasites, some parasites such as fish borne trematodes are only transmitted through food.

Chemicals ,Of most concern for health are naturally occurring toxins and environmental pollutants.naturally occurring toxins are mycotoxins, marine biotoxins, cyanogenic glycosides and toxins occurring in poisonous mushrooms.

Foodborne outbreaks on the human health

Contamination by heavy metal in food occurs mainly through pollution of air, water and soil.food borne illness is caused by consuming foods or beverages.many different disease causing microbes or pathogens can contaminate foods so there are many different types of foodborne illnesses.

Most foodborne diseases are infections caused by a variety of bacteria ,viruses,parasites, and toxins.

Foods associated with foodborne illness,

* raw foods of animal origin that is raw meat and poultry raw eggs unpasteurized milk and raw shellfish are the most likely to be contaminated.

* fruits and vegetables can also be contaminated with animal waste when manure is used to fertilize produce in the field or unclean water is used for washing the produce.

.* raw sprouts are particularly concerning because the conditions under which they are sprouted are ideal for growing microbes.

* unpasteurized fruits juices or cider can also be contaminated if there are pathogens on the fruit that is used to make it.

* any food item that is touched by a person who is ill with vomiting or diarrhea or who has recently had such an illness can become contaminated .when these food items are not subsequently cooked eg , salads, cut fruits they can pass to other people.

Foodborne diseases are caused by contamination of food and occur at any stage of the food production ,delivery and consumption chain.they can result from several forms of environmental contamination including pollution in water,soil, or air as well as unsafe food storage and processing

Foodborne diseases encompass a wide range of illnesses from diarrhea to cancer.most present a gastrointestinal issues though they can also produce neurological, gynaecological, and immunological symptoms.diseases causing diarrhea are a Major problem in all countries of the world though the burden is carried disproportionately by low and middle income countries and by children under 5 years of age.