Question

19. Explain two factor authentication and provide at least two examples of how this authentication method can be implemented.

20. How is ethics different from law? Explain in detail, please!

Answer 1

19. Two factor authentication or we can say two factor verification is a process which provides extra security by asking user for two different authentication factors to verify themselves. In first verification factor, user enters username and password and the second verification factor could be either of the following :

a. Something you are : This includes verification like iris scan, fingerprint or voice print.

b. Something you have : Thins includes something that user have like credit card or a hardware token.

c. Something you know : This includes PIN numbers, passwords or secret questions.

Examples of Two Factor Authentication

1. When you go to an ATM , you need to have a debit card and you should know the correct PIN number in order to withdraw money from ATM as only the correct combination of both these things will allow you to withdraw money.

2. In Apple iOS devies, Face ID helps to log in to your devices and in Android, the similar function is done by face unlock feature. If the face detection is not approved or fails, then you are asked to enter a passcode or pin in order to log in to the device. Hence in these devices, there is Two Factor Authentication.

20. Ethics and laws are different things. Ethics guides us the best things we can adopt or do in various different aspects of life while on the other hand, laws provides specific rules for the smooth maintenance of societies and their institutions. The main difference between these two is that ethics provides the maximum standards while laws provides the minimum. There maybe many things which are legal in the eyes of laws but they are not acceptable in the eyes of ethics or something that seems to be correct but is illegal. You may find laws expressed and published in writing but ethics are not written anywhere. They are abstract. For violating any law, the person is given the punishment based on the law he/she violated but no punishment is there for violation of ethics. Laws are made for the peace and protection of citizens whereas ethics are there to make the people decide what is right or wrong, acceptable or unacceptable and how to act.