Question

Endocrine Physiology

1. If the biological effectiveness of a hormone were greatly reduced because its target cells lacked the appropriate receptors, would you expect the hormone concentration in blood to be high, normal, or low? Explain your answer.

2. Explain why an injection of epinephrine to combat an acute immune reaction (such as the response to a bee sting in an allergic individual) has an almost immediate effect, whereas an injection of a steroid hormone can take hours to have an effect.

3. Diabetics need to be particularly careful about their dietary intake- some are able to control the condition through diet alone.   

What sorts of foods should diabetics avoid?

What foods should they try to get more of?

What can they do if they make a mistake?

Answer 1

2. The peptide hormone like epinephrine has its receptors present on the cell surface thus they just have to bind to them to have their effect

Whereas the lipid hormones like steroid hormones have their receptors present either in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus thus to act they have to cross the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane and then they start their action. This whole process takes much more time and hence they acts slowly

In contrast to them peptide hormones start immediately as they bind on the cell surface receptors of them to ecpress themselves.

3. Foods diabeics should avoid are-

Sugar sweetened beverages

Trans fats

Pasta ,rice etc.

Sweetened cereals

Honey

Mapple syrup

Fruit flavoured yoghurt

Eggs

Dry fruits

Packaged junk foods etc.

Foods to be tried by diabetics:-

Whole grains

Fresh fruits

Vegetables etc

If they make a mistake and had calories in excess then they should check their sugar levels and have the right treatment accordingly like having insulin in proper amount if they are already on it.