Question

Q1Even a small quantity of hormone can have a strong effect on its target cell because of ______.

a. negative feedback inhibition.

b. an antagonistic effect.

c. up-regulation

d. enzyme

e. down-regulation

f. none of these

Q2) Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. The Golgi tendon reflex is the inhibition of a muscle contraction that occurs when its tendon is excessively stretched.
b. A ganglion is a swelling along a nerve containing cell bodies of peripheral neurons.
c. Neurons move material away from the soma by anterograde transport.
d. Astrocytes serve the same purpose in the CNS that Schwann cells do in the PNS.
e. None of the these.

Q3) Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Taste signals travel from the tongue through the facial and hypoglossal nerves.
b. The middle ear consists of an air-filled chamber.
c. Rods secrete glutamate from the base of the cell when NOT exposed to light.
d. Peptide hormones are synthesized by the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
e. None of the these.'

Q4) Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Fibers of the vagus nerve end very near their target organs.
b. The autonomic effect on a target cell depends on the receptor on that target cell.
c. Most sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic fibers in the chain ganglia.
d. The autonomic nervous system carries out many somatic reflexes that are crucial to homeostasis.
e. None of the these

Q5) Which statement about diabetes mellitus (DM) is NOT correct?
a. type II DM is more common than type I DM.
b. target cells are unresponsive to insulin in type II DM.
c. the body produces autoantibodies that destroy the pancreatic beta cells in type I DM.
d. diabetic neuropathy is a common long-term effect of DM.
e. None of the these.

Q6) Which statement is false
  a. Axons arising in the cerebellum cannot excite skeletal muscle contraction.
b. If a muscle is repeatedly stimulated and allowed to relax between stimuli, the successive contractions will be stronger. This phenomenon, known as treppe, or staircase effect, is thought to be due to the accumulation of calcium ions in the sarcoplasm.
c. Large motor units having a large innervation ratio allow for less control than small motor units.
d. A muscle contracts more strongly when lifting a 20-pound weight than when lifting a 5-pound weight. This is because individual fibers contract harder.
e. None of the these.

Answer 1

1) The small quantity of hormone that can have a strong effect on the cell that targets is due to amplification of the enzyme which receives the hormone signal. So the answer is enzyme.

Negative feedback inhibition do not have a strong effect of small quantity hormone unless this involves the enzyme amplification so it's not suitable answer.

An antagonist effect of a hormone can control the concentration of the substance but to not strong the effect of hormone that is in small quantity.

Up regulation is a receptor that makes to increase the specific response but it do strong the effector cells by small hormone quantity without an enzyme so its not suitable answer.

Down regulation is reducing the hormone sensitivity so it doesn't strong the effector cells by small hormone quantity so it's not suitable answer.

2) The answer is d that the astrocytes in the central nervous system has the same function or purpose of the Schwann cell in peripheral nervous system. This statement is false because similar to Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system the oligodendrocytes are the giant cell in the central nervous system which has similar purpose.

The other statements are true.

3) None of these is the answer because all the statement is true.

The taste sensation travels via fascial and hypoglossal nerve is true.

The peptide hormone is secreted by the rough endoplasmic reticulum is true.

The middle ear have a tympanic cavity and that is air filled so it's true.

Rods will not secrete when it is expose to light but it secrete gulatamate when it is not secreted to light.

4) The answer is D because the the autononmic nervous system do not carry many somatic reflexes that are crucial for the homeostasis of the body so it's false.

The other statement are true.