READ AND ANSWER COMPLETLY

(1) Try applying the drive-reduction theory of motivation to your experience of having the munchies in the middle of the night. Be sure to include need, drive, behavior and homeostasis. Using this example, comment on why the concept of "drive" is critical. Why not just assume we go directly from need to behavior? Can you give an example?

(2) In the 50's Clark Hull developed a remarkable variant of the drive-reduction theory that included incentive as well. He said that we can determine the likelihood of a particular behavior of a person (such as eating a hot dog or going to meet a friend) if we know the strength of the drive, the strength of the incentive, and how realistic the goal is. All three are expressed as percentages. You just multiply them together and you get the likelihood of the behavior. For example, say your hunger is 80%, the incentive of a hot dog is 50% and an estimate of how realistic it is for you to find a hot dog to eat is 90%. The likelihood of eating a hot dog then is 80% x 50% x 90% = 36%, therefore you have a 36% chance of going to eating a hot dog. So, given perfect knowledge about the three factors for all possible behaviors, we could perfectly predict what someone will do. Thoughts? Examples?

a.Plan a visit to a store, restaurant, or other public place where you have never been before and would not normally go—it might be a more expensive store than you would normally shop at or a restaurant based on a different ethnicity or other cultural factor. b.Examine your expectations before going on this observation. c.Compare and contrast the self-fulfilling prophecy and other shortcuts that apply to your expectations for this field observation and list them on the log. Include responses to the following questions: i.Describe the thought process that takes place prior to experiencing self-fulfilling prophecy. Before your field observation, what expectations did you have? What actually transpired? ii.Describe your thought process during the experience. Were you gathering information that supported your initial beliefs? Were you gathering data that was contrary to your initial beliefs? iii.Describe your reaction following the experience. iv.Describe your overall response to the portions of your experience that supported your initial beliefs. Do you think others formed inaccurate expectations of you?

To what extent, if any, can extrinsic motivations be internalized? If extrinsic motivation is internalized, is it as effective as intrinsic motivation? Why or why not?

Watch an hour or two of children’s television. What were the programs and what are the themes of the programs you watched? What assumptions do television producers appear to make about the kinds of entertainment that are suitable for children? What cognitive, social and emotional concepts were covered in the shows? How would your interpretation of the shows differ from that of an early school age child? Write a page about your thoughts and findings.

Is the aging process random, programmed, or both? Explain how aging theories support the process(es) you subscribe to.

Explain why you agree with the aging theories you do, as opposed to other theories.

Assignment - Philosophy of Science

Define and distinguish between positivism and falsification

The following scenarios involve predicting the location of a stroke from symptoms. For each of the following scenarios involving stroke, indicate on a diagram of the brain (outside side‐view) where the stroke might have occurred.For scenarios 4 and 5, remember that connections involved in sensation and movement are crossed so you have to be careful about the side‐view of the brain you show (left or right hemisphere).

1. Following a stroke, the individual has impaired vision.

2. Following a stroke, the individual has difficulty making decisions.

3. Following a stroke, the individual is unable to understand language.

4. Following a stroke, the individual loses sensation on the left side of her body.

5. Following a stroke, the individual is unable to move her right arm.

Identify and describe the three clusters of Personality Disorders and briefly describe each of the ten personality disorders and to which cluster each one belongs to

Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes

What is the main argument of the entire book how does it relate to politics and government?

Explain the relevance in language acquisition and development in children of Story elements that reflect the fear of separation

What are some positive outcomes of intercultural conflict? Think about a recent example in your own life and explain why you think it occurred and how you benefited from the experience?

What are some reasons why ELL instructors would differentiate instruction in their classrooms? List and explain at least four reasons.