Question

1.Which one of the following steps in elongation is directly dependent on ATP or GTP hydrolysis?

Peptide bond formation

Movement of the ribosome 3 bases toward the 3’ end of the mRNA

Loss of the sigma subunit

Binding of initiator tRNA to appropriate AUG codon

Translation termination

2.In prokaryotes, transcription and translation of a single gene can occur simultaneously. Which one of the following statements most accurately describes why this phenomenon is not observed in eukaryotes?

The machinery for eukaryotic transcription and translation are found in different compartments.
Eukaryotic genes are compacted into heterochromatin.
Eukaryotic mRNAs are monocistronic.
Eukaryotic mRNAs are degraded very rapidly.
Simultaneous transcription and translation does occur in eukaryotes.

Answer 1

After reading some books, I think:

Question NO 1:

The correct answer is option C) Binding of initiator tRNA to appropriate AUG codon because in the elongation phase elongation factor pushes GTP into a little cleft in the ribosome, this cleft has an enzyme active site which helps to hydrolyze GTP, in this time phosphate group provide the energy to GTP. This full reaction happened with the tRNA binding by start codon AUG  

Question NO 2:

The correct answer is option A) The machinery for eukaryotic transcription and translation are found in different compartments because in the case of prokaryotic cells both transcription and translation occur in the same place(cytoplasm) which helps them to happen simultaneously but in the case of eukaryotic cells, it happens in a different place . In the case of eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs in nucleus, but translation occurs outside of the nucleus, it held in the cytoplasm . As a result, it can't happen simultaneously at a time.