Question

Define the following key terms

1. Routing

2. Connectionless

3. Best-effort delivery

4. Maximum transmission unit (MTU)

5. Fragmentation

6. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

7. Network Address Translation (NAT)

8. Media independent

9. Loopback interface

10. Default gateway

Answer 1

1. Routing: Routing is the method of choosing a network or multi-network traffic route. Broadly speaking, routing takes place in many kinds of networks, including circuit-switched networks such as public switched telephone networks (PSTN) and computer networks such as the Internet. Routing is the higher-level decision-making process in packet switching networks that directs network packets from their source to their destination through particular packet forwarding processes through intermediate network nodes.

2. Connectionless: Connectionless in telecommunications depicts communication between two network endpoints where a message can be sent without previous agreement from one endpoint to another. At one end of the communication, the machine transmits information to the other, without first making sure the receiver is accessible and prepared to receive the information. Simply send a signal to the expected recipient by the device. If there are transmission issues, the information may need to be resended several times.

3. Best-effort delivery: Best effort relates to a network service that tries to deliver messages to its expected destinations but does not provide any particular characteristics that retransmit corrupted or lost packets. For some services, and for the network as a whole, the use of best-effort rather than guaranteed delivery can be more efficient for some types of services, especially those for which timeliness is more important than accuracy.

4. Maximum transmission unit (MTU): Maximum Transmission Unit is a networking word defining the biggest packet size that can be transmitted via a network link. Typically, the Maximum Transmission Unit is restricted by the sort of attachment, but can sometimes be adapted in the network environments of a computer. Because a greater MTU enables more information to be transmitted at once, elevated MTU connections typically have more bandwidth than smaller MTU links.

5. Fragmentation: Fragmentation, in the context of a hard disk, is a condition in which the contents of a single file are stored on the disk rather than in a contiguous space at different locations. This leads to inefficient use of the storage room and occasional degradation of efficiency.

6. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP): The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a network layer Transfer Control Protocol / Internet Protocol that offers messaging facilities for troubleshooting, control, and error. ICMP is most commonly used in networked computer operating systems where error messages are transmitted.

7. Network Address Translation (NAT): Network Address Translation turns computer IP addresses into a single IP address in a local network. The router that links personal computers to the Internet frequently uses this address. A Digital Subscriber Line modem, cable modem, T1 line, or even a dial-up modem can be connected to the router. When other machines on the Internet try to access local network personal computers, they only see the router's IP address. This brings an additional level of safety, as the router can be configured as a firewall, enabling only approved devices to access the network pcs.

8. Media independent​​​​​​​: Independent media relates to any media type, such as radio, television, magazines or the Internet, that is free from state or commercial interests.

9. Loopback interface​​​​​​​: The loopback unit is a unique virtual network interface to interact with our computer. It is primarily used for diagnosis and troubleshooting as well as for connecting to servers operating on the local computer.

10. Default gateway​​​​​​​: The default gateway is the route used when the device is unaware of where the target is. More straight, a default gateway is a router connecting our host to sections of the distant network. It is the exit point for all the packets in our network that have non-network destinations.