Question

Define the terms. Please type the answer.

1.) lymphadenopathy

2.) polymorphonucleocytes

3.) leukopenia

4.) anemia

5.) thrombocytopenia

6.) immunodeficiency

7.) retrovirus

8.) protease inhibitors

Answer 1

1. Lymphadenopathy: lymphadenopathy is the swling or enlargement of lymph nodes caused due to infection, malignancy or autoimmune disorders.
2. Polymorphonucleocytes : Polymorphonucleocytes are white blood cells found in the blood that contains granulous cytoplasm and polymorphic nucleus. Polymorphonucleocytes include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
3. Leukopenia is the decrease in number of leukocyte count in blood. It may be caused due to radiotherapy, chemotherapy, autoimmune diseases, HIV , AIDS, dengue.
Leukopenia increases the risk for infection.
4. Anemia : Anemia is the decrease in red blood cells resulting in reduced capacity of blood to carry oxygen to different parts of body. Causes for anemia includes iron deficiency, folate deficiency, vit B12 deficiency, blood loss, hemolysis, renal or hepatic diseases.
5. Thrombocytopenia is the decrease in number of platelets in blood below 150000 platelets/uL of blood. It may be caused due to hepatic diseases, folate deficiency, vit B12 deficiency, leukemia, dengue.
6. Immunodeficiency: Body immune system helps to fight against pathogens and protect the body against various kinds of infection. immunodeficiency is a condition characterised by weak immune system of the body. This may be due to antibody production against self cells or decreased immune system cells.
7. Retrovirus : retrovirus are type of RNA virus that enters the host cell and attacks the DNA resulting in alteration of cell genome. It produces its own DNA from the RNA with the help of reverse transcriptase enzyme. Retrovirus have been found to be oncogenic and cause cancer. The most common retrovirus is HIV1 and HIV2 that causes AIDS.
8. Protease inhibitors are antiviral drugs that inhibits the protease enzyme resposible for proteolytic cleavage of protein precursors and thus prevent viral replication. Protease inhibitors are used in treatment of many viral diseases such as hepatitis C, AIDS and some types of malignacy.
Some of the protease inhibitors are indinavir, boceprevir