Question

Art 100

Describe the shift in the Roman Empire that created Byzantium in the East and what would eventually become Europe in the West and explain the impact of this political, religious, and social split on the art produced in these regions in this era. Provide specific examples of particular works of art or architecture to illustrate your points.

Answer 1

Introduction- Byzantine Empire was a vast and powerful civilization with origins that can be traced to 330 AD.

When the roman emperor Constantine 1^st dedicated a New Rome on the site of ancient Greek colony of Byzantium. Though the Western Half of Roman Empire crumbled and fell in 476 AD, the eastern half survived 1000 more years, spawning a rich tradition of art literature and learning and serving as a buffer between Europe and Asia.

Geographical Advantages-The eastern half of Roman Empire proved less vulnerable to external attacks because of its geographic location. With Constantinople located on a straight, it was extremely difficult to breach the capital’s defences, in addition the eastern empire had a much shorter common frontier with Europe.

As a result of these advantages, the eastern Roman Empire, known as Byzantine Empire survived for many years after fall of Rome. Though Byzantium was ruled by Roman law and roman political institutions, and it official language was Latin, Greek was also widely spoken and student received education in Greek History literature and culture.

Art and Culture-During the late 10^th century, under the rule of Macedonian dynasty founded by Michael III’s successor, Basil the Byzantine Empire enjoyed a golden age. Though it stretched over less territory, Byzantium had more control over trade, more wealth and more international prestige than under Justinian. The strong imperial government patronized Byzantine art, including now cherished Byzantine Mosaics.

Rulers also begun restoring churches, palaces and other cultural institutions and promoting the study of ancient Greek history and literature. Greek become the official language of the states and flourishing culture of monasticism cantered on Mount Athos in north-eastern Greece.

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