Explain the various types of excavation then analyse the purposes of using each type.

Write in details about cavity walls and explain with drawing the spaces and location of wall ties.

Design changes are identified to be one of the major causes of project delays and cost overruns. As a construction project manager, what would you do to avoid or minimize the impact of this problem?

A singly reinforced beam 47.2 cm × 28.3 cm, is provided with 5 bar of each diameter 2.2 cm . determine:
(1) Percentage of excess steel used
(2) moment of resistance
(3)actual stress develop in steel and concrete
(4) maximum allowance central load that can be put if it is carrying a uniformly distributed load of 850kg/m over a simply supported length of 3.2m.

A siphon consisting of a pipe of 15cm diameter is used to empty kerosene oil (s = 0.8) from a tank A.
The siphon discharges to the atmosphere at an elevation of 1m. the oil surface in the tank is at ana
elevation of 4m. The centerline of the siphon pipe at its highest point C is at an elevation of 5.5m. The
losses in the pipe are 0.5m up to the summit and 1.2m from the summit to the outlet. Estimate:
i. The discharge in the pipe
ii. Pressure at point C
iii. Length of the pipe given f = 0.0035

4. Assume that ball A of weight W is released from rest in the position ?ଵ ൌ 60° and swings downward to where it strikes the at-rest ball B of weight 3W . Assuming an elastic impact, calculate

(a) the angle ?ଶ through which the lager pendulum (Pendulum B) will swing after the impact.

(b) The total energy loss just after impact The length of the rods for both pendulum A and B are equal to ?.

You may assume W =196.2 N and ? = 1 m for numerical calculations.

1) Humans have populated regions in which the geomorphic settings pose hazards for construction and engineering projects. Discuss the extent to which the potential hazards are caused by intrinsic versus extrinsic thresholds. Build your discussion around comparing and contrasting humid, semi- arid, glaciated, and periglacial environments.

A hydraulic punching machine is used to make holes in a plate using two steel punches having
different diameter. By applying a compressive stress of 37 x103 kN/m2 using a punch of diameter
50 mm, the maximum shear stress developed in the plate was found to be 290 N/mm2. Suggest the
value for thickness for the plate suitable for this loading condition.
What will be the change in the shear stress when a compressive force of 85 kN is applied on the
plate of same thickness using another punch having diameter 12% more than the first one? Check
which one of the steel punches used is safe against shear, if the permissible safe shear stress on
the plate based on the design conditions is limited to 300 N/mm2. Based on the results, discuss
how the thickness of the plate and the diameter of the punch can be modified to withstand the safe
shear stress.

Deflection tests were conducted on a steel joist and a timber joist both simply supported over
a span of 5 m and carrying a point load of 45 kN at distance of ‘a’ from left support. Maximum
deflection was observed at a position 2.4 m from the left support for steel joist and 1.85 m from
the left support for steel joist. Calculate and compare the results for maximum deflection, slope at
both ends and deflection under the load for both steel and timber joists. Take Flexural rigidity for
steel joist as 14 x 1012 Nmm2 and the Flexural rigidity for timber joist as 6.9 x 1012 Nmm2. Suggest
the changes to be made in the dimensions of the beam for reducing the deflection based on the
results obtained.

Write the procurement guidelines for the Tender preparation, evaluation and the contract award

State True/False

a. Storm sewers are usually designed using an assumption of gradually varied flow.

b. While water is being removed from a distribution system to fight a fire, the elevation of the hydraulic grade line tends to decrease.

c. A three-hour unit hydrograph represents a storm that produces three inches of runoff during the first hour of precipitation.

d. Adjusting the downstream weir in the 4ft wide indoor flume is the usual way to change the discharge

e. A prismatic channel has a rectangular cross-section

f. A pressure of 10 psi corresponds to a head of 23 ft of water

1. If a wooden stake reads ⑤, what does it mean?

Group of answer choices

1. 5 ft offset
2. No. 5 stake
3. No. 5 corner
4. 5 ft from the permanent marker

2. On a wooden stake, it writes 10' o/f. What does it mean?

Group of answer choices

1. 10 ft offset
2. 10 ft cut
3. 10 ft fill
4. station 10

3. Which of the following describes the operation of giving line and grade.

Group of answer choices

1. Place reference marks or stakes to establish the location and elevation of a project.
2. Drawthe line and grade on paper.
3. Mark on drawings with the grade of lines.
4. Establish a line between two unkown points.

4. Which of the following statement about giving line is correct?

Group of answer choices

1. Giving line doesn't involve angles.
2. Only one mark is needed for each line.
3. The process of giving line consists in establishing a direction by turning a predetermined angle and placing a series of marks along the line at predetermined distances.
4. A tape measure is adequent for the whole operation of giving line.

5. A mark is to be set at an angle of 70°00′00′′ from a given line at a distance of 500 ft from the instrument. After setting the mark, the angle is measured by repetition and determined to be 69°59′30′′. How far should the mark be shifted so that the angle is set at 70°00′00′′?

Group of answer choices

a. 0.1 ft

b. 0.2 ft

c. 0.053 ft

d. 0.073 ft

6. The HI of a level is 567.89 ft. A blue top is to be set to mark a grade of 558.12 ft. What is the value of grade rod?

Group of answer choices

a. 7.89 ft

b. 9.77 ft

c. 6.54 ft

d. 3.36 ft

7. It is required to set a stake to mark a grade of 45.49 ft. The HI of the level is 53.56 ft and the rod on stake reads 4.32 ft. Determine the amount of cut (C) or fill (F) to be marked on the stake.

Group of answer choices

1. cut 8.07 ft
2. fill 8.07 ft
3. cut 3.75 ft
4. fill 3.75 ft

8. It is required to set a stake to mark a grade of 53.72 ft. The HI of the level is 60.05 ft and the rod on stake reads 10.93 ft. Determine the amount of cut (C) or fill (F) to be marked on the stake.

Group of answer choices

1. cut 6.33 ft
2. fill 6.33 ft
3. cut 4.6 ft
4. fill 4.6 ft

9. Which of the following statement about batter board is wrong?

Group of answer choices

1. It is a standard method for temporarily referencing the building corners.
2. A batter board is simply a horizontal wooden plank fastened to two vertical posts.
3. Batter boards need to cover the whole building perimeter.
4. Batter boards can show both horizontal location and grade.

10. Which of the following statement about laser is wrong?

Group of answer choices

1. A laser is a bright beam of monochromatic light.
2. A single-beam laser projects a narrow “string line,” easily visible as a bright dot on a flat surface or target.
3. The single-beam laser can be used to give line.
4. A rotating-beam laser can be used to give line.

‏Q4. Compare and explain the common relationship between the units of angular
‏measurement with neat labelled sketch.

‏Q5. Differentiate between the Whole circle bearing and Quadrantal bearing system with neat
‏suitable sketches.