1. Define estuary, coastal wetland, salt marshes, intertidal zone, coastal zone barrier islands
2. List the problems with rapid human population decline
3. What are the major processes that can affect Natural Selection?
4. What is the difference between (GPP) and (NPP)?

question 1 :

A velocity potential in a two-dimensional flow is given as φ = 3xy2 – x3 . Find the stream function which is perpendicular to velocity potential

question 2 :

Write down equations that represents the volume flow rate and the mass flow rate. Show the resultant units of equations in terms of MLT system

Define and explain the significance of Niccolò Machiavelli.

types of plastic pipe that can be used for hot and cold water distribution:
1.
2.
3.
List 3 types of plastic pipe used for sanitary drainage and vent piping:
1.
2.
Black iron steel pipe is used for carrying ____________________ or ____________________.

The cast iron pipes no-hub pipes are used for below ground or above ground?_________________

Type _____ copper pipe is the most commonly used in residential water lines.

What color is the copper pipe, most commonly used in residential water lines?______________

Using the copper pipe from question 5 and 6, a 6” pipe come in what length?_______________

PVC fittings are joined to PVC pipe using ___________________ .

___________________fittings join 2 length of the same pipe size when making a straight run.

__________________ fittings are 4-way fittings that are essentially the combination of two tees.

Sanitary ____________________ are used with vertical drain connections.

PVC pipe is normally supplied in ________-foot and ______lengths, but other lengths are available.

What is the equivalent length of pipe for a 15’ long, 10” dia PVC pipe connected to a 90⁰ Elbow?

1. Consider the “Energy Production and Use” figure from the U.S. Department of Energy, posted on BB.
   1. What is the largest source of energy in the U.S.?
   2. What fraction of the total U.S. energy production is represented by nuclear energy?
   3. What fraction of the total U.S. energy use is for transportation?
   4. What fraction of renewable energy production in the U.S. is used in the industrial sector?
   5. What fraction of our petroleum is for uses other than transportation?
   6. Which sector(s) rely on petroleum for more than half of their total energy need?
   7. If our production of coal is suddenly halted, which sector is hardest hit? By what fraction is the capacity of that sector be reduced?
   8. If our production of natural gas is suddenly halted, by what fraction would total energy use for the residential and commercial sector be reduced?

below are the risks of the andersons dam. identify two actions that could be taken by system owners or users to manage these risks. Additionally, explain whether these management actions would eliminate, mitigate, or have little effect on the level of risk that you assessed?

risks of the anderson dam

-The high intensity rainfall may cause the frequent cases of over spilling resulting in over topping of the dam during high intensity earthquake.

-Earth quakes may cause over flooding of dam therby destabilizing its underneath soil resulting in a huge risk to the life of the people and their belongings.

What are some of the key characteristics of a professional letter, such as an introductory letter by which a company seeks to attract clients and initiate a business relationship with owner firms? Focus your discussion on the characteristics that primarily define the letter content. Apart from effective communication with potential customers, what do you think

The construction cost of a parking facility on a local university campus is $200,000. Assume that

maintenance will begin on the facility at the end of the third year of operation, and will increase by

$500/year until the end of the useful life of the facility. Maintenance costs are expected to accrue to

$2,000 during the third year of operation. If the interest rate is 7%, and the facility is expected to last

25 years, find the following (5 points):

a) The present worth of the maintenance costs of the facility (2 points)

b) The facility’s annual maintenance costs. (2 points)

c)

The university wants to charge an annual decal rate of $200/year. Is this a good economic

decision if there are 50 spaces in the parking facility? (1 point)

A cylindrical soil sample, 7.3 cm in diameter and 16.8 cm in height, is tested in a constant-head permeability apparatus. A constant head of 75 cm is maintained during the test. After 1 minute of testing, a total of 945.7 gm of water was collected. The temperature was 20 oC. The void ratio of the soil was 0.43. Calculate the following:

1. The hydraulic gradient

2. The flow rate

3. The discharge velocity

4. The seepage force per unit volume

5. The coefficient of permeability

Describe what happens, on the atomic scale, to cause differences in recovery in materials stressed within the elastic region and in materials stressed to an amount exceeding their yield strength

The data in the table below is for a closed-polygon traverse. The running direction is North

a. Compute the preliminary bearings.

b.Compute the unadjusted departures.

c. Compute the unadjusted latitudes.

d. Compute the linear misclosure.

e. Compute the relative precision.

Grade Line Selection Factors in selecting the orientation of grade lines (vertical alignment):  Balance cuts and fills (economy)  Minimize rock excavation (economy)  Providing adequate drainage (safety  Aesthetics (appearance)  Compatibility with horizontal alignment  Design speed  Composition of traffic  Adequate visibility (safety)  and other factors .   list of factors in selecting the orientation of grade lines (vertical alignment) given, give an example in the field of one of these factors. You can create an example or write about a person experience. - give details.

Consider a T-shaped signalized intersection with the following geometric conditions and arrival vehicular flows in pcu/h as shown below. Assume the following:

▪ Left turn from the exclusive left-turn lane of northbound traffic (Lane NB1) is protected.

▪ Left turn from the shared left-turn and through lane of westbound traffic (Lane WB 1) is protected.

▪ The saturation flow rate for the exclusive left turn lane is 1785 pcu/hour. The saturation flow rates for all other lanes are 1700 pcu/hour.

▪ Amber of 3 sec. and all red of 2 sec. follow each through/right-turn green interval.

▪ Amber of 3 sec. follows the protected left-turn green interval.

▪ The pedestrian walk speed is 1.0 m/s and the pedestrian clearance time is 5 s.

Determine the designed signal timing. Present the duration of green and intergreen intervals for all phases in a tabular form

analyzing water tariff based on PEST