Derive the Toricelli’s theorem on the basis of Benoulli’s principle and a large reservoir
with a small orifice at the bottom.

what is soft water?how to prevent from soft water corrosion in practical project?

A new piece of equipment costs $25,000. The annual cost of using the equipment is projected to be $1000. Annual maintenance costs are expected to be $400 the first year, increasing by $75/yr each year after that. The effective annual interest rate is 5%. Using correct equivalence notation, write out (but do not solve) the equation that would be used to find the equivalent annual cost of purchasing the equipment for its 20-year lifespan.

20. A 1-foot diameter plate load test is used to develop recommendations for a larger foundation (3-ft by 3-ft). What is a limitation of that test and applying the results to developing design for the foundation?

A 900mm diameter conduit 3600m long is laid at a uniform slope of 1 in 1500 and connects two reservoirs. When the levels in the reservoirs are low the conduit runs partly full and it is found that a normal depth of 600mm gives a rate of flow of 0.322m^3/s.

The Chezy coefficient C is given by Km^n where K is constant,m is the hydraulic mean depth and n=1/6.Neglecting losses of head at entry and exit obtain

1. the value of K,
2. the discharge when the conduit is flowing full and the difference in level between the two reservoirs is 4.5m

answer: (a)67.6 (b)0.562m^3/s

14. Low plasticity clays are excellent material with which to line the base of a landfill cell. Consider the material described here: Might it be suitable landfill material?

Liquid Limit = 80%, Plastic Limit = 50%

Yes/No?

Why / why not?

If a new railroad embankment is to be constructed in an area that restricts how wide its base may be, name some of the design alternatives you would consider to limit the embankment width at its base.

1- How does the bandage contact area change with the axle load? Show it by drawing.
2- Draw the stresses created by a tandem axle on the superstructure layers by drawing them.

A power plant, located close to the downtown of a developed city emits 1042 kg per hour of SO2 from stack with an effective height of 120 m. a) For a wind speed of 3 m/s (measured at the effective height) in an overcast winter morning, calculate the ground level SO2 concentration (in mg/m*) along the plume center line I km downwind. b) If the wind speed (3 m/s) had been measured at 20 m elevation instead of the effective height,what would the actual concentration of SO2 (in mg/m*) in the same location (in part a) at the night of the same day?

a. Calculate the approximate volume of the tall feature in cubic meters. The top of the feature is at an elevation of 115’ and the bottom of the feature is at an elevation of 35’. The width of the feature is 1410’ and its length is 1245’. Show your work clearly.

b. Do you think this calculated volume is an overestimate or underestimate? Explain your reasoning

A solid steel bar with dimensions of

1

x

4

inches spans a 20 foot gap. The beam is loaded with a single 1000 lb load a

t

mid span.

Calculate the

deflection of the beam

at

every

foot along it

s length

.

(That is,

calculate

the deflecton

at x=0,

12,24, 36

...

inches) INCLUDE the weight of the beam. Plot the deflection, y, versus x

a) Why does the shear strength of beams without stirrups increase when the aggregate size increases?

b) Describe a bond-splitting failure. Why do stirrups tend to prevent bond-splitting failures?

c) Why is the “side cover” and “back cover” important when designing hooks for rebars?

d) What is the kern of a footing?

The time area method is often used to estimate catchment runoff process. In this method, the catchment of concern is split into several sub-areas where runoff generated from each sub-area is thought to take the same amount of time to travel to the outlet of the catchment. Suppose a catchment can be split into M sub-areas. For the i-th sub-area (i=1,2,…, M), the size of the area is Ai km² and it takes i-th hours for the runoff generated to reach the outlet. If the catchment is subjected to a net rain process lasting over N hours (N≥1) with a constant intensity of r mm/hour. Using the time area method derive the peak runoff at the outlet of this catchment in m³/s