(1) Select the lightest, rectangular Douglas fir section for the cantilever beam of15- ft span that will carry a uniform load of 450 lb/ft. [Hint: V max = wL; Mmax = wL2/2]

•by drawing to explain what effective working width of bridge deck is
•what is a steel concrete beam bridge? list three kinds of connectors by drawing

City Q has an average water consumption of 22000 m3 / day. Jar tests have indicated that 33 mg / L of hydrated aluminum sulphate "alum" [Al2 (SO4) 3.14H2O] is the optimum dosage required to treat the water supply to this town. The additional alkalinity used is HCO3-. The natural alkalinity in the untreated water source is 57 mg / L as CaCO3. Use the coagulation reaction to:
a. Determine the amount of coagulant used per day (in kg / day)
b. Determine the amount of precipitant generated per day (in kg / day).
c. How much alkalinity is being consumed during the coagulation / flocculation process (in mg / L CaCO3)? Is the natural alkalinity level adequate?

correct statement about contaminant transport?

1. Advection refers to contaminant transport with flowing water.
2. Both diffusion and mechanical disperion are associated with concentration gradient.
3. Sorption refers to the process of contaminants sorbed to the solid phase.
4. Sorption process follows a linear sorption isotherm in the range of high concentration of contaminant.

(e) Discuss how the systems approach could be used to carry out any task at that phase.

(f) What role do analytical tools play in the use of the systems approach to carry out that task?

          (g) What feedback does the engineer typically provide to engineers at the preceding phases?

Select the incorrect statements about the flexible wall permeameter.

1. Principle stresses are controlled.
2. Sidewall leakage is avoided.
3. Chemical reaction may take place between membrane and liquid in soil samples.
4. All of above.

1. Select the correct statement about mechanisms responsible for stress cracking in geomembrane (GM).

1. Development of friction forces along the side slope.
2. Hydration process in liner system
3. Localized subsidence induced by poorly compacted solid waste
4. Generation of wrinkles due to poorly installation and thermal expansion.

Consider a 400-MW, 32 percent efficient coal-fired power plant that uses cooling water withdrawn from a nearby river (with an upstream flow of 10-m³/s and temperature 20 °C) to take care of waste heat. The heat content of the coal is 8,000 Btu/lb, the carbon content is 60% by mass, and the sulfur content is 2% by mass.

1. How much electricity (in kWh/yr) would the plant produce each year?
2. How many pounds per hour of coal would need to be burned at the plant?
3. Estimate the annual carbon emissions from the plant (in metric tons C/year).
4. Convert the carbon emissions to g C/kJ of energy produced. Compare your answer to that in Problem 2.7 of Homework 3 for petroleum combustion, and Example 2-3 for methane combustion. Comment on why coal is considered the “dirtiest” fossil fuel!
5. If the cooling water is only allowed to rise in temperature by 10 °C, what flow rate (in m³/s) from the stream would be required? Is this sustainable? What would you recommend?
6. What would be the river temperature if all the waste heat was transferred to the river water assuming no heat losses during transfer? Would that be a problem? Why or why not.
7. Estimate the hourly SO₂ emissions (in kg/h) from the plant assuming that all the sulfur is oxidized to SO₂during combustion.
8. What would be the problem in releasing SO₂ to the atmosphere? Is sulfur dioxide a regulated priority pollutant? If yes, report the NAAQS?
9. How would you propose to remove sulfur dioxide at the power plant?
10. Report on the required efficiency (in removal %) of the SO₂ scrubber, if the plant is only allowed to emit the legal limit of 0.6 lb SO₂ per million Btu of heat input.
11. How much particulate matter could be released (in kg/year particulates) if the plant met New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) that limit particulate emissions to 0.03 lb per 10⁶ Btu heat?
12. Comment on the sources of particulates in the plant emissions? We have seen a dramatic decrease in particulate emissions since the 1970 Clean Air Act. How are particulate emissions controlled at stationary sources?

A trapezoidal channel has a base of 25 ft and side-slopes of 1v:3h. It has a manning n = 0.022 and α = 1.22. The slope of the channel is 0.323%.   What are the nominal and critical depths if the flow is 500 cfs? What type of profile will the channel have if the depth of flow entering the channel is 1.2ft?

1_How economic development can impact trip generation? Sketch the relationship between them (write between 100-150 words)                            [10 marks]

2_What are the major elements in calculating the future trips and why it’s important to have the number of trips (write between 50-100 words)

A trapezoidal channel has a base of 25 ft and side-slopes of 1v:3h. It has a manning n = 0.022 and α = 1.22. The slope of the channel is 0.323%.   What are the nominal and critical depths if the flow is 500 cfs? What type of profile will the channel have if the depth of flow entering the channel is 1.2ft?

A reinforced concrete beam has square cross section (h × h). There are 9 steel reinforcing bars (each of diameter ds), 3 evenly spaced towards the top, 3 along the neutral axis, and 3 evenly spaced towards the bottom. The vertical distance from the centre of the bar to top (or bottom) edge of the section is called the cover, and is denoted as e. It should be taken that ρsteel = 7850 kg/m3, ρconcrete = 2350 kg/m3, Econcrete = 30000 MPa and Esteel = 195000 MPa, and that both materials exhibit linear elastic behaviour. The concrete cracks in tension at 4.5 MPa. The beam can be considered as a simply supported beam of length L where L is based on the given span to depth ratio of the beam. The beam also experiences an unknown vertical load Pat midspan.

a) What is the self weight per unit length of the beam?

b) What value of P (in conjunction with self weight) will induce cracking? Draw the stress and strain distributions for both the steel and the concrete on the critical cross-section when this occurs.

h=360mm ds=16mm e=40mm span/depth = 20

A slurry-phase treatment is applied to remove organic pollutants from contaminated soils. A pretreatment is first applied to screen out gravel and sand from the soil, and to clean these fractions with water. On the contrary, the remediation of silt and clay fractions of the soil requires an addition of surfactant prior to biological treatment. Please explain the rationale of the treatments. (around 400 words in details explanation)

do a comparative essay between Casa Mila and Casa Batllo of the architect Antoni Gaudi. In this essay you are to look at the similarities and differences of design principles applied. You are to identify at least four principles and to justify the application of theory by the architect through the two buildings.