Select the incorrect statements about the flexible wall permeameter.

1. Principle stresses are controlled.
2. Sidewall leakage is avoided.
3. Chemical reaction may take place between membrane and liquid in soil samples.
4. All of above.

1. Select the correct statement about mechanisms responsible for stress cracking in geomembrane (GM).

1. Development of friction forces along the side slope.
2. Hydration process in liner system
3. Localized subsidence induced by poorly compacted solid waste
4. Generation of wrinkles due to poorly installation and thermal expansion.

Consider a 400-MW, 32 percent efficient coal-fired power plant that uses cooling water withdrawn from a nearby river (with an upstream flow of 10-m³/s and temperature 20 °C) to take care of waste heat. The heat content of the coal is 8,000 Btu/lb, the carbon content is 60% by mass, and the sulfur content is 2% by mass.

1. How much electricity (in kWh/yr) would the plant produce each year?
2. How many pounds per hour of coal would need to be burned at the plant?
3. Estimate the annual carbon emissions from the plant (in metric tons C/year).
4. Convert the carbon emissions to g C/kJ of energy produced. Compare your answer to that in Problem 2.7 of Homework 3 for petroleum combustion, and Example 2-3 for methane combustion. Comment on why coal is considered the “dirtiest” fossil fuel!
5. If the cooling water is only allowed to rise in temperature by 10 °C, what flow rate (in m³/s) from the stream would be required? Is this sustainable? What would you recommend?
6. What would be the river temperature if all the waste heat was transferred to the river water assuming no heat losses during transfer? Would that be a problem? Why or why not.
7. Estimate the hourly SO₂ emissions (in kg/h) from the plant assuming that all the sulfur is oxidized to SO₂during combustion.
8. What would be the problem in releasing SO₂ to the atmosphere? Is sulfur dioxide a regulated priority pollutant? If yes, report the NAAQS?
9. How would you propose to remove sulfur dioxide at the power plant?
10. Report on the required efficiency (in removal %) of the SO₂ scrubber, if the plant is only allowed to emit the legal limit of 0.6 lb SO₂ per million Btu of heat input.
11. How much particulate matter could be released (in kg/year particulates) if the plant met New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) that limit particulate emissions to 0.03 lb per 10⁶ Btu heat?
12. Comment on the sources of particulates in the plant emissions? We have seen a dramatic decrease in particulate emissions since the 1970 Clean Air Act. How are particulate emissions controlled at stationary sources?

A trapezoidal channel has a base of 25 ft and side-slopes of 1v:3h. It has a manning n = 0.022 and α = 1.22. The slope of the channel is 0.323%.   What are the nominal and critical depths if the flow is 500 cfs? What type of profile will the channel have if the depth of flow entering the channel is 1.2ft?

1_How economic development can impact trip generation? Sketch the relationship between them (write between 100-150 words)                            [10 marks]

2_What are the major elements in calculating the future trips and why it’s important to have the number of trips (write between 50-100 words)

A trapezoidal channel has a base of 25 ft and side-slopes of 1v:3h. It has a manning n = 0.022 and α = 1.22. The slope of the channel is 0.323%.   What are the nominal and critical depths if the flow is 500 cfs? What type of profile will the channel have if the depth of flow entering the channel is 1.2ft?

A reinforced concrete beam has square cross section (h × h). There are 9 steel reinforcing bars (each of diameter ds), 3 evenly spaced towards the top, 3 along the neutral axis, and 3 evenly spaced towards the bottom. The vertical distance from the centre of the bar to top (or bottom) edge of the section is called the cover, and is denoted as e. It should be taken that ρsteel = 7850 kg/m3, ρconcrete = 2350 kg/m3, Econcrete = 30000 MPa and Esteel = 195000 MPa, and that both materials exhibit linear elastic behaviour. The concrete cracks in tension at 4.5 MPa. The beam can be considered as a simply supported beam of length L where L is based on the given span to depth ratio of the beam. The beam also experiences an unknown vertical load Pat midspan.

a) What is the self weight per unit length of the beam?

b) What value of P (in conjunction with self weight) will induce cracking? Draw the stress and strain distributions for both the steel and the concrete on the critical cross-section when this occurs.

h=360mm ds=16mm e=40mm span/depth = 20

A slurry-phase treatment is applied to remove organic pollutants from contaminated soils. A pretreatment is first applied to screen out gravel and sand from the soil, and to clean these fractions with water. On the contrary, the remediation of silt and clay fractions of the soil requires an addition of surfactant prior to biological treatment. Please explain the rationale of the treatments. (around 400 words in details explanation)

do a comparative essay between Casa Mila and Casa Batllo of the architect Antoni Gaudi. In this essay you are to look at the similarities and differences of design principles applied. You are to identify at least four principles and to justify the application of theory by the architect through the two buildings.

1. If you were a consulting engineer and were submitting Turnkey tender on behalf of a Turnkey Contractor, would you consider a conflict of interest between the role of a consulting engineer and contractor? Enlarge on the ethics of this subject.

2. It is clear to you that an Engineer engaged in a particular project (implement at the taxpayer’s account) is not maintaining professional standards, i.e. professional competence and integrity are lacking. What would be your reaction? Will you report the above incident to the Board of Engineers, Malaysia, or bring this to the attention of the client, or will you maintain silence and watch substandard work being completed?

3. “Professional Engineer should be allowed to practice as consultants and a contractor at the same time”. Do you agree with this statement? If so, give your reason objectively for supporting it; if not also give reasons for appeasing it.

The answer to each question shall be about 2000 words.

Copperas (Fe2SO4.7H2O) will be added to the liquid waste at a dose rate of 40 kg / 1000 m3 to increase the efficiency of the sedimentation tank. If it is assumed that wastewater contains enough alkalinity in the form of Ca (HCO3) 2, calculate:
a. How many kg of limestone in the form of CaO must be added to complete the reaction! b. The concentration of oxygen needed to oxidize the formed iron hydroxide! c. Mass of sludge produced per 1000 m3 of wastewater! d. The amount of alum needed to produce sludge is equal to (c) if it is assumed that the formed precipitate is Al (OH) 3!

You are required to design a watch tower. The watch tower is circular and has an outer diameter of 1500mm. The tower is built of 2 skins of masonry brick work. The supplier data sheet says that the density of the brickwork is 1900 kg/m3 . The tower has a slab at the top and watchmen sit there. The tower is built on a square concrete slab 2m by 2m. the slab is 300mm thick. It has finishes of 50mm on it. The concrete slab sits on masonry walls that are 4m high above ground level. These walls are also double skin walls. The foundation is a strip footing. The geotechnical engineer has given you an allowable bearing pressure of 300 kPa at a depth of 1000mm below ground level. The height of the watch tower from the top of the concrete slab to the top of the tower is 10m. Determine the minimum width of the foundation. Also determine the factored loads in the foundation? Use factors 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL.

26.1 The Application of the compatibility condition in the analysis of statically indeterminate structures is:

1. Necessary
2. Sometimes necessary
3. Approximated through the force deformation relation (d) Not related to the above.

26.2 The conditions required to be satisfied for the analysis of statically determinate structures are:

1. Equilibrium only
2. Equilibrium and compatibility
3. Equilibrium, compatibility and force-deformation relation

26.3 The conditions required to be satisfied for the analysis of statically indeterminate structures are:

1. Equilibrium and compatibility only
2. compatibility and force-deformation only
3. force-deformation and Equilibrium only
4. None of the above set is complete

26.4 The unit load method of analysis of deflections in structures is based on:

1. Force method concept
2. Stiffness method concept
3. Energy method
4. Approximate method

26.5 The analysis of statically indeterminate structures by the unit load method is based on:

1. Force method concept
2. Stiffness method concept
3. Both of the above
4. None of the above

26.6 The analysis of statically indeterminate structures by the unit load method is based on:

1. Consistent deformation
2. Consistent force
3. Stiffness
4. None of the above

26.7 Minor variations in the lengths of members from the geometrically computed ones in a statically determinate structure causes --------------while assembling (Lack of fit):

1. Secondary forces
2. No forces at all
3. Forces comparable with the lack of fit
4. Strains

26.8 Minor variations in the lengths of members from the geometrically computed ones in a

statically indeterminate structure causes------while assembling (lack of fit): a) Internal forces only

2. External reactions only
3. No forces
4. Internal and for external reactions

26.9 An unequal rise in the temperature of members in statically determinate structures causes:

1. No forces
2. Reactions
3. Secondary forces
4. Strains and stresses

26.10 An unequal rise in the temperature of members in a statically indeterminate structures causes: (a) No forces

2. Strains only
3. Forces in members
4. Secondary reactions

26.11 Unequal settlements in the supports of a statically determinate structure develop:

1. Reactions from supports
2. Member forces
3. No reactions
4. Forces in a limited members.

26.12 Unequal settlements in the supports of a statically indeterminate structure develop:

1. Reactions from supports
2. No reactions
3. Minor member forces
4. Strains in some members only

26.13 The force method in structural analysis starts with:

1. Equilibrium field
2. Compatible deformations
3. Equilibrium and compatibility conditions
4. Force-deformation relation only

26.14 The force method in structural analysis always ensures:

1. Compatibility of deformations
2. Kinematically-admissible strains
3. Equilibrium of forces
4. safety

26.15 The flexibility method in structural analysis starts with:

1. Compatible deformations
2. Equilibrium of forces
3. Force-deformation relation
4. Kinematically-admissible deformations

26.16 The force method in structural analysis is also known as:

1. Slope-deflection method
2. Moment-distribution method
3. Consistent-deformation method
4. Stiffness method

26.17 The conjugate-beam method falls in the category of:

1. Force method
2. Stiffness method
3. Displacement method (d) None of the above.

26.18 The method of column analogy in structural analysis falls in the category of:

1. Displacement method
2. Stiffness method
3. Flexibility method (d) None of the above

26.19 The stiffness method of structural analysis always starts with:

1. Force-deformation relation
2. Equilibrium conditions
3. Compatible deformations
4. None of the above

26.20 The displacement method of structural analysis starts with:

1. Kinematically-admissible deformations
2. Equilibrium of forces
3. Force-deformation relation
4. None of the above

26.21 The stiffness method in structural analysis is also known as:

1. Consistant-deformation method
2. Unit load method
3. Force method
4. Displacement method

26.22 The slope-deflection method in structural analysis falls in the category of:

1. Force method
2. Flexibility method
3. Consistant-deformation method
4. Stiffness method

Design for flexure a beam 12 ft in length, having a uniformly distributed dead load of 1 kip/ft, a uniformly distributed live load of 1 kip/ft, and a concentrated dead load of 8.4 kips a distance of 5 ft from one support Show all the steps. (LRFD) Fy = 50k/in²    E = 29,000k/in²

An engineer raises the possibility of building a clean energy source with high levels of safety. The engineer understands "clean energy" as that which does not generate polluting waste, and "high levels of safety" the fact that it does not affect people's health.
Another engineer objects to these criteria, arguing that any source of energy generates polluting waste, and that the question to be discussed is the final destination of the waste; that is, if the waste goes to water, air, soil, or another medium. In addition, it asks you for data to support your statement about the contamination of energy sources. On the other hand, this engineer argues that security must be based on automated control of energy use.
Explain your point of view and compare it with the claims of these two engineers. Indicate whether the engineers' reasoning is inductive, deductive, or otherwise.