1. LEED is an acronym for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design.                                                True/ False          
2. Breeam Assessment is used in the UK for only new construction rating.

True / False

3. Cradle to cradle design approach has similar design philosophy with cradle to grave design approach.  

True / False

4. Operational energy is the energy required to power the built environment.                          True/ False
5. Green seal is a certification organization to certify wood products.                                                      True / False
6. Electronic control units help to reduce water consumption.                                                                           True / False
7. Hydrolic cycle is the continuous cycling of water between planetary reservoirs.                              True/ False
8. Passive ventilation system is same with passive cooling system.                                                                                           True/ False
9. The LEED rating systems is organized into six environmental categories.                                                       True/ False
10. Green Globes rating tool is a rating system used in the UK for only new constructions.

True / False

11. Life cycle assessment is a method for integrated energy consumed in the process of raw material.

True / False

12. Only 5% of the earth water is fresh water.

True / False

13. ‘Xeriscaping’ is a technical term used to define water percentage from earth’s surface as rivers, streams, lakes, and ponds.

True/ False

14.   ‘Green building products’ terminology is used to define ‘Green Building Materials’.

Ture/ False

15. According to Cardinal Rules fir a closed-Loop Building Material Strategy, complete dismantling of the building is required so that materials input at the time of the building’s construction can be recovered.

True/ False

16. Athena Environmental Impact Estimator is an LCA tool that focuses on the assessment of whole building.

True/ False

17. Carbon Dioxide, Methane and Nitrous Oxide are the measurement of global warming that directly integrated with Environmental Performance Score

True/ False

18. Metals have the highest potential in recycling and most of the construction meatl can be reused.

True/ False

19. Carbon biogeochemical cycle has three phases as (i) active cycling, (ii) passive cycling, and (iii) slow-cycling.

True/ False

20. ‘Optimized Carbon Foot print’ is the ‘optimized operational energy’ to run built environment operations.

True/ False

21. Performance index decreases with increasing sensory pollution load.

True/ False

22. Site protection plan is used to minimize construction operations including erosion and sedimentation control.

True/ False

23. On-site fabrication of building components creates a large amount of construction scrap that is wasted.

True/ False

24. Certified and Silver Productivity and health value is used to define savings for buildings certified by USGBC.

True/ False

To reduce first costs of construction, structural design should be minimized without adversely affecting structural performance.

True/ False

What is the minimum required length of an emergency escape ramp made of pea gravel if the expected entering truck speed is 115 mph and the slope of the ramp is -2%?

1. Explain, at the microscale, the process of fatigue, with emphasis on why metals experience fatigue.
2. A pressure vessel is made of aluminum alloy and operates at 15 cycles per minute. It operates 50% of the time at a stress amplitude of 1400 psi; the fatigue life at this stress level is 1,000,000 cycles. The other 50% of the time a stress amplitude of 2100 psi is exerted on the vessel; the fatigue life for the material at this stress level is 225,000 cycles. Find the expected life in hours for this hydraulic pressure unit.

Question 1

Bicycle frame was made with metal for many years manufactured. In the recent years, carbon fibre reinforced polymer is applied due to its responsiveness to fast roads and race conditions.
(a) Suggest TWO types of metal commonly used to make bicycle frame.

2. (b) List THREE advantages and THREE disadvantages of using carbon fiber reinforced polymer on bicycle frame over metal.

3. (c) Make a list to compare carbon fiber reinforced polymer with ONE types of metal in Part (a), which includes the following factors:

   1. (i) Correction resistance

   2. (ii) Strength

   3. (iii) Weight

   4. (iv) Cost

   5. (v) Manufacture

Describe the essential features of Consolidated-Undrained, Unconfined-Undrained, and Unconfined-Compression tests. Feel free to use sketches.

9. What is the importance of controlling the F/M ratio in suspended mixed activated sludge systems? What are the implications of a low or high F/M ratio to the settling properties of the biological floc? Please, elaborate your answer.

10. Why does sludge have to be stabilized before disposal? Describe the role of anaerobic bacteria on the degradation of sludge in anaerobic digesters - what is the purpose of each bacteria group in the destruction of solids/organic matter? What is the effect of pH change in the process of anaerobic digestion? Also, please describe the difference between sludge gravity thickening and air dissolved thickening process. (Please, elaborate).

Describe how a consolidated – drained triaxial test is conducted. Feel free to use a sketch to aid your explanation. What quantifies are measured during testing?

Use the annual flood data (annual maximum series) in the table below to perform a flood frequency analysis using the U.S. Water Resources Council Guidelines. The map skew for this location is - 0.2

Year	Discharge (cfs)
1935	1955
1936	4050
1937	3570
1938	2060
1939	1300
1940	1390
1941	1720
1942	6280
1943	1360
1944	7440
1945	5320
1946	1400
1947	3240
1948	2710
1949	4520
1950	4840
1951	8320
1952	13900
1953	71500
1954	6250
1955	2260
1956	318
1957	1330
1958	970
1959	1920
1960	15100
1961	2870
1962	20600
1963	3810
1964	726
1965	7500
1966	7170
1967	2000
1968	829
1969	17300
1970	4740
1971	13400
1972	2940
1973	5660

Fill out the following table

Exceedance probability	T	K(T, Gs)	log QT	QT
	Year			(cfs)
0.99
0.95
0.90
0.8
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.005

Qu 1:
(a) Suppose that instead of always selecting the first activity to finish, we select the last activity to start that is compatible with all previously selected activities. In the case, the activities are assumed to be sorted in increasing order of start time.
Modify the Greedy_Activity_Selector algorithm to work with this approach to find a subset of maximum number of mutually compatible activities.

(b) Use the following list of activities to show how your algorithm in (a) above will work to find a
maximum set of mutually compatible activities.

Activity	start time	Finish time
1	0	6
2	1	4
3	2	12
4	3	5
5	3	7
6	5	8
7	5	9
8	6	10
9	8	12
10	9	11
11	12	14

Note: Show your result graphically, highlighting the selected activities with a
different color.

A vertical tangent at 4.7% intersects a tangent at -3.9% at a PVI station of 310+11.23 with an elevation of 903.00 ft. Using a vertical curve of length 493 ft., find the elevation of each full station along the curve. What is the station of the turning point on the curve? {If your calculations result in more than 6 stakes on the curve, evaluate only the first 6}.

Determine the maximum live load that a column W14x193 could support if the dead load is ten times the live load. Use A-36 with K=1 and L=22 ft.

2. You visit a track location on a high fill that is suspected of being unstable and possibly developing a slip failure. What are some of the outward signs you would look for to indicate if it may be currently unstable, or may have been so in the past? What indication or indications would lead you to believe that the slip is not recent but has been occurring over a long time?

A new 5 km long pipeline connects two reservoirs. The water surface elevation in the upper reservoir is 1100 m and in the lower reservoir is 835 m. The pipeline is 400 mm nominal diameter commercial steel with a sharp-edged inlet and includes the following flanged fittings.

10 - gate valves

19 - standard radius 90° elbows

37 – standard radius 45° elbows

8 – straight (line flow) tees

What is the maximum water flow rate between the reservoirs in m³/s?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the flexible pavements?