QUESTION 1

The daily stream flow data for a particular catchment having an area of 6500 km² are given in the table below. Separate the baseflow using Straight line method, Fixed base method, and recession Separation method.

Calculate the total direct runoff for each method.

Table Q1

1. the annual precipitation measurements (Pi in cm) for M city, over a 20year period are shown in the following table. Determine the mean, standard deviation, and skew coefficient for this series.

2. Determine the mean, standard deviation, and skew coefficient for the log values of annual rainfall for M City, given in Problem 1. Also determine the mean precipitation (in cm) of the log-transformed data.

Please clarify each step of the solution.

1. The annual precipitation measurements (Pi in cm) for M city, over a 20year period are shown in the following table. Determine the mean, standard deviation, and skew coefficient for this series.

2. Annual precipitation measurements (Pi in cm) for M City, were given in Problem 1. Determine the magnitude of the 10-year precipitation depth if the data fit:

1. the normal distribution.
2. the Gumbel distribution.

How many times was the P10 (normal) exceeded in the 20-year annual precipitation record given in Problem 1 ?

Please clarify each step of the solution

Compare AASHTO with the ASTM and come with a conclusion which one is more restricted? And do you think it is a valid restriction? And is the restriction valid for our infrastructure durability ?

) List five different advantages of composite materials over conventional materials.

A metallic ore deposit of massive shape is given. The ore is reasonably strong to support itself. The rock above the ore is weak and cavable, and it can break into medium size pieces when unsupported. The ore grade is low and the ore grade distribution is consistent. A high-scale production rate is required. What kind of underground mining methods can be applied to extract this mineral deposit? Explain, in details, the type of mining method that you found for this ore deposit, provide illustrations.

Explain the importance of coefficient of uniformity and coefficient of curvature.

9) Congratulations, you have graduated and scored a job at one of the Charleston area’s largest consulting firms. You have just finished typical first day stuff (choosing your screensaver, arranging your cubicle, etc) when your new supervisor walks in. “Listen –new person, I have to go to a company shareholders pat ourselves on the back meeting this afternoon that just came up three months ago. I scheduled a meeting with a new client today and you need to brief the client on what regulations apply to their site. They own a large industrial/agricultural facility on a few hundred acres. They want to redevelop part of it and keep part of it operating as is; part has existing contamination; part has new chemical and biotechnology operations; part has day to day operations that result in hazardous as well as municipal solid waste. You need to brief them on what three (3) major federal regulations apply to their site and what those regulations mean. Youalso need to let them know specifically which regulations apply to their different on site problems and operations–here is a list of those operations or problems.” Thedescriptions of the specific regulations need to be very detailed.

The list: •Developing a genetically engineered strain of soybeans to resist cold and draught

•Groundwater contamination on a closed parcel of land from TCE contamination in 1945

•Soil contamination from 1980 –all carcinogens –wants to redevelop the site for new use

•Solid waste from the buildings, machine shop, and motor pool

•Hazardous waste (generated daily) from three ethylene crackers

•Low level hazardous waste from two ammonia production facilities

•Final research and development of a novel agricultural pesticide that willlikely hit the market next year•Production of a new food additive/preservative

•Production of a new cosmeticoThe company also wants to know under what act they can be fined if their production disposal practices and storage practices are not appropriate

Compare the three types of legal structure: proprietorship, partnership and corporation.

A Normally Consolidated 10 Ft. clay layer is surcharged, which causes a decrease in thickness. The coefficient of consolidation is 0.16 ft^2/day and the time factor is 1.2 for U=50%. The clay layer is confined between 2 layers of dense sand. The time (days) required for 50% consolidation is most nearly?

This is a question from a practice FE exam. The reference book and the solution to this leaves out some information. The equation is Tv=Cv(t)/Hdr^2)

The solution has Hdr=5 ft. Why is that?

1. A wastewater plant with the activated sludge process received 5 × 10⁶ L/day of wastewater with a BOD₅ of 500 mg/L. The primary clarifier removes 30% of the BOD and primary clarify effluent has no biomass (Xi=0 mg/L). Recycle (Q_r) and waste sludge (Q_w) flows are 25% and 2% of Qin, respectively. Effluent BOD₅ from secondary clarifier and waste sludge is 20 mg/L. Microorganism concentration in the waste sludge (X_w) is 6,000 mg/L. Soluble BOD₅ is biologically converted into CO₂ and Y (yield coefficient) is 0.5 mgVSS /mgBOD
2. 1. Calculate the value of X and the volume of the tank

By sketching the stress-strain curves for concrete and reinforcement steel, explain the philosophy of idealization the characteristic strength for concrete and reinforcement steel so to be used in reinforced concrete design. Elaborate the importance of such idealization in design.

A trapezoidal channel has a bottom width of 3.25 m and sides with a slope of 1 vertical

to 1.5 horizontal. The slope of the bed is 1 in 2000 and the depth of water is 1.2 m.
a) Using the Manning Formula with n = 0.025, calculate the velocity and

the discharge rate of the flow.

2. b) Calculate the Chezy number for the channel and use that to re- calculate the velocity and the discharge rate of the flow.

3. c) If the channel had a Chezy number of 42 state the effect on the velocity and discharge and explain why this would occur.

A pontoon is used on a river to transfer materials to a barge. The pontoon is constructed from high density polyethylene and has a mass of 40 tonnes. The dimensions of the pontoon are 19 m long x 10m wide x 0.75m high.

a) What is the freeboard of the pontoon when it is floating in the river?

b) What additional mass (tonnes) can the pontoon carry if a maximum draught of 0.45m is available?

c) If the additional mass is to be carried as sand (density 1600kg/m3) in a container 6 m long and 5m wide, how deep a layer of sand can be carried? If instead of sand, the pontoon is to carry bentonite at a density of 2600kg/m3, what depth can be carried?