2. A simply supported rectangular concrete beam is to be made from M21 concrete grade and reinforced with steel bar of 345 MPa yield strength. It carries a uniformly distributed load of 12.5 kN/m and has a span of 6 m. Design the beam, assuming that the shape factor is 0.4. The weight density of steel is 77 kN/m3 and that of concrete is 24 kN/m3.

1. A soil has Horton infiltration parameters f0 = 110 mm/h, fc = 20 mm/h, and k = 1.8 h−1.

a. Compute the total infiltration and runoff from a storm with an intensity of 15 mm/h and a duration of 2 hours.

b. Suppose the intensity is i = 90 mm/h. One of your group members (not you) computes the ponding time t by setting the infiltration capacity to the intensity and solving for t; that is, your teammate obtained t from the Horton equation. Explain why this approach is wrong.

c. Compute the total infiltration and runoff from a storm with an intensity of 90 mm/h and a duration of 2 hours.

d. A bumbling, but observant professor, computed a total infiltration of about 98 mm for part d. Why did she question this result?

Abrams established a rule that relates the water-cement ratio to strength of concrete. List two additional factors that have a significant influnce on the concrete strength.

Q2. Explain does why: • The transtion zone impact more rich cementitious mixtures than lean ones.

• Air entrainment reduce the strength of moderate to high strength concrete yet may enhance the strength of low strength concrete.

• ASTM cements Type I. III, and V have different impact on early and later strength of concretes made with these cements.

• On the basis of qual workability the surface characteristics of aggregate have a limited impact on the ultimate strength of concrete.

• the surface characteristics of aggregate have a clear impact on ultimate strength of concrete on the basis of qual water content.

• The cylinder strength is higher than that of cube's.

• The aspect ratio of concrete cylinders has no impact on compressive strength obtained in compression testing machine with brush platens.

• Concrete bridges should not be subjected to stress levels higher than 0.55 of ultimate strengths.

• the maximum aggregate size of aggregate have two opposing effects on concrete strength.

a. Interstitial atoms belong to line defects, yes or no?

b. What is the influence of crystallinity increase on polymer modulus?

c. Why are polymers lighter than metals and ceramics? Two reasons.

d. How can glass fiber be made (name 2 methods/procedures)?

f. What are the three limitations of ferrous alloys, generally?

g. Why poly crystals are stronger than single crystals?

h. Can polymers be purely crystalline? Yes/No

i. What are the three functions of screen pack in polymer extruding?

Determine if a real-world system could be represented as a rigid body

I just need an exemple

In AutoCAD, ILLUSTRATE how the following command prompts can be performed and INDICATE when it is necessary to perform EACH command prompt. Note that all steps are very important and must be mentioned. (i) EXPLODE (ii) LAYERS (iii) HATCH (iv) TRIM AND EXTEND (v) BREAK (vi) CALIBRATING PAPER SIZE (vii) FILLET (viii) CREATING TABLE (ix) OFFSET   

The following data is given for a horizontal highway curve having 2 lanes with Lane width of 3.65 m each: Ruling design speed is 110kmph, Allowable rate of change of circular acceleration = 0.5 to 0.8. Allowable rate of introduction of super-elevation = 1 in 144, Take maximum allowable superelevation and lateral frictional co-efficient is 0.15.

Calculate the length of a transition curve for following cases.

Rate of change of centrifugal acceleration (C).

Rate of introduction of super-elevation.

Using empirical equations for plain and mountainous terrain.

j. What is the difference between thermoset and thermoplastics when both are heated repeatedly?

k. Impurity in metals and semiconductors both increase resistivity, yes or no?

l. Is plastic strain recoverable? Why?

m. What are the liquid ink-based 3d printing? (at least 2 methods)

Hydraulics & Hydrology

Problem Statement

The Romans were exquisite water engineers, and that without having at their disposal the modern tools and the knowledge we have today. Remember that Hydraulics and Hydrology as we know it now only came to be in the 1700’ when engineers started to put a fundamental framework together that is/was based on lab experiments and theoretical approaches and principles. Until then, you just “knew”. The Romans build all sorts of hydraulic systems, from irrigation canals, to water supply infrastructure, to the famed “hot baths” of Rome, to sewer systems, you name it. They realized that if you want water for different purposes at locations that were important to you that very often you had to get the water there because it just was not available in close proximity.

One of the marvelous feats they accomplished was to build water supply systems that would run over dozens of miles to convey water from sources to locations of need, typically the towns and cities they founded in their vast empire. They managed to do so by building a lot of infrastructure that withstood time and that, almost 2000 years later, is still in place for us to marvel at. Especially the many bridges that were built to cross valleys and gorges to keep the supply line flowing as an open channel are spectacular in their construction, such as the Pont du Gard, Segovia, and Aquila aqueducts.

Task:

1. Create a small inventory of the 5 most prominent and well-known aqueducts around to this day (you make a decision on what the criteria are for the selection of the 5). Come up with some describing parameters (for sure show an image or two) such as location, total length, capacity, year of built, special features, how many bridges, building materials, etc. Be creative and decide on your own what you want to tell about them.

2. Pick one of them and carry out a hydraulic analysis. I am interested here in typical characteristics such as discharge capacity, slopes, cross sections, but also operation: how did you get the water into the aqueduct, control structures, terminal end structures, Manning’s “n”, ... But also how they were lined, how gaps between construction elements were sealed so no seepage (or losses) would occur. It would also be great if you could treat the aqueduct as a chain of: uniform, rapidly (around controls), and gradually varied flow sections. Carry out a few analyses steps and report on what happens to energy and friction grade lines in these sections, preferably of the entire length of the aqueduct.

Part III – Short Essay (please limit your answer to 250 words)

Please describe how the following elements of project planning are combined to generate a base project plan projecting estimated project cost over time.

- Work breakdown structure

- Organizational breakdown structure

- Control accounts

- Project schedule network

- Project cost estimate

- Cost- and time-weighted schedule

What are the steps to validate a bid estimate?

Discuss different green building evaluation systems?

Consider a rectangular channel with a variable width b and horizontal channel bottom, a) Obtain the equation of water surface profile (dy/dx) as function of Froude number and channel width change (db/dx) in a channel transition assuming that over a short distance x, the energy losses can be neglected. b) Using the equation you have obtained, draw the water surface profile if flow is subcritical and if there is an enlargement in channel cross section b in downstream section (2) and show your results on the graph of specific energy curve (E versus y curve)