How are M protein, Sda1, SpeA2, Phospholipase SlaA, and Hyaluronidase involved in the pathogenesis of S....

How are M protein, Sda1, SpeA2, Phospholipase SlaA, and Hyaluronidase involved in the pathogenesis of S. pyogenes?

Expert Solution

The following proteins have a critical role in the pathogenesis by Streptococcus pyogenes and act as virulence factors. The bacteria is responsible for causing pharyngitis and tonsillitis known as strep throat.

•M protein: It functions as a primary adhesion for the skin epithelium. It functions in the non-pharyngeal cells. As adhesion of S. pyogenes in the epithelial cells of oral, nasal cavities and skin is the first step for infection, it produces various adhesins; Fibronectin (Fn) binding protein (in pharyngeal cells), lipoteichoic acids (LTA), M protein, Protein F etc.

•Sda1( Dnase): Homologous to extracellular streptodornase D, Sda1 is thought to be involved primarily in degradation of the DNA component of chromatin-rich neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and the similar DNA-based extracellular traps extruded by macrophages.

•SpeA2: Also acts as a superantigen, SpeA2 is an enterotoxin which was acquired by the bacteria through phage-associated mutated forms. It is also associated with the Streptococcal Toxic Shock syndrome.

•Phospholipase SLaA: Acts by destroying phospholipids and is also responsible for the “chewed meat” appearance in the body.

•Hyaluronidase: It splits hyaluronic acid (providing nutrients to bacteria) which is an important component of connective tissue. This aids in spreading of the bacteria along the intercellular spaces. The bacteria is therefore able to grow in pockets and spreading toxin molecules.

gladiator answered 2 years ago

Stages of pathogenesis including virulence factors involved in pathogenesis for Legionnaires Disease Describe how the pathogen...

Stages of pathogenesis including virulence factors involved in pathogenesis for Legionnaires Disease Describe how the pathogen is exposed to the host, this should at least include: a. the portal of entry b. the median infectious dose and lethal infectious dose. If this cannot be found, please say so. Describe how the pathogen adheres to the host, this should at least include: a. the adhesin virulence factor(s) of the pathogen b. the host molecule(s) to which the adhesin(s) interact Describe how...

Phospholipase C can be activated by a G protein, which in turn leads to the formation...

Phospholipase C can be activated by a G protein, which in turn leads to the formation of Sn-diacylglycerol and inositol-1,4,5 triphosphate. correct or not

a)Phospholipase C can be activated by a G protein, which in turn leads to the formation...

a)Phospholipase C can be activated by a G protein, which in turn leads to the formation of Sn-diacylglycerol and inositol-1,4,5 triphosphate. True/False? b)Oncogenes are mutated protooncogenes through the intermediacy of viral infection. True/False? c)Paracrine growth factors differ from hormones in their long-range of action. True/False? d)Prostanoids are extremely metabolic labile and therefore have a short lifetime. True/False? e)Carbohydrate consumption is necessary for the synthesis of triacylglycerols in adipose cells. True/Falsew? f)Thymidylate synthase: The inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase can suppress the...

Describe the main steps in autophagosome formation, outlining the key protein(s) and/or protein complexes involved. What...

Describe the main steps in autophagosome formation, outlining the key protein(s) and/or protein complexes involved. What do you think is the role of autophagy in cancer (use example to back up your argument)

Explain the roles of the Matrix Targeting Signal, the protein translocases involved in protein import, how...

Explain the roles of the Matrix Targeting Signal, the protein translocases involved in protein import, how ATP and membrane potential play a role in Protein.... Explain the mechanism by which a nuclear -encoded precursor protein is important to the inner membrane of the mitochondria?

Explain factors that are involved in protein quality and how protein quality may play a role...

Explain factors that are involved in protein quality and how protein quality may play a role in requirement for protein malnutrition in vegetarians/vegans.

Protein Code: 1CJY which is HUMAN CYTOSOLIC PHOSPHOLIPASE A2. Please go in depth about what the...

Protein Code: 1CJY which is HUMAN CYTOSOLIC PHOSPHOLIPASE A2. Please go in depth about what the structural features are of the protein? (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary)

PK1 and PK2 are protein kinases involved in a phosphorylation cascade. If either protein is inactive...

PK1 and PK2 are protein kinases involved in a phosphorylation cascade. If either protein is inactive due to a mutation the response is not observed. A different mutation causes PK1 to be permanently active. This activity induces a response even if PK2 is inactive. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the above information? A. PK1 activates PK2 B. PK2 activates PK1 C. PK2 is a transcription factor D. PK1 inhibits PK2 Ca2+ can act as a second messenger...

2. Protein-DNA binding a) List the types of interactions that are involved between a protein that...

2. Protein-DNA binding a) List the types of interactions that are involved between a protein that binds DNA non-specifically and DNA. b) List two proteins that bind to DNA non-specifically. c) List the types of interactions usually involved between a sequence-specific DNA binding protein and DNA. d) List two proteins that bind DNA specifically. e) What is the difference between non-specific and specific protein binding to DNA?

Complex III is an integral membrane protein a peripheral membrane protein involved in active transport of...

Complex III is an integral membrane protein a peripheral membrane protein involved in active transport of H+ involved in redox reaction a, c, and d are correct

Question