Question

identify the social issues that have changed urban planning from a study of architectural and engineering outputs to a study of human needs and the planning response.

Answer 1

Urban planning is referred to as a political as well as technical process which deals with the design and development of land use as well as the environment which is built over there including water, air and other infrastructures such as communication and transportation etc.

Urban planners mainly focus on the community requirements as well as the impact on surrounding areas. While architects are generally anxious with the needs of their client. Both architects as well as urban planners must make sure that their projects observe with the building codes, limitations of land use and other regulations. Also, engineers work in fields which is related to the arrangement as well as the development of roads and other urban facilities. Civil engineers mainly concentrate on the constructional projects.

SOCIAL ISSUES

1) The need for quality education- In many urban surroundings quality education is obtainable but this particular opportunity is available to only those who live in the prosperous areas of the city. The children of the individuals having a very low economic status regularly fail to provide a quality education to their children.

2) Lack of job opportunities- While many people reside in urban environment for good job opportunities, unemployment is still increasing at a gradual rate. Numerous people who are very much qualified are finding it difficult to get a proper job.Even when some people are prepared to take a lower paying job that they are better at performing , many people still continue to struggle for finding a better job.

3) Gender inequality- In many of the countries women still make less money as compared to that of men . Also, women hold lesser high level positions in government jobs. Due to this type of inequality many more physical and mental illness appear in the urban areas. Decreased social mobility as well as higher rates of imprisonment are usual in the urban societies

4) Discrimination- Despite a change in century, discrimination still prevails in some areas of various countries. In some areas it appears to become worst. According to some studies those who live in urban areas see more instances of racial inequality as compared to the people living in rural areas.