1. With regards to electrical noise and inductive coupling, explain the purpose of running current carrying conductors in their own raceway separate from signaling cables. Does the type of raceway material, ferrous vs non-ferrous make difference?

2. When it comes to load switching on power systems, transients are unavoidable. Discuss how switching on and off inductive and capacitive loads contribute to this problem.

3. List two materials commonly used in TVSS (Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors). As well,

UL 1449 uses 3 categories when rating Surge Protective Devices (SPD) / Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors (TVSS). List the categories and explain how they apply to a TVSS’s performance.

4. In the case of the vibrating transformer, discuss the following;

• detection method used to find the problem,
• the problem itself,
• what can be repaired on the transformer or external equipment to prevent the vibrating and buzzing noise?

Please answer the bleow question (typing but not handwriting):

In the industries, Y-∆ starter is usually used to start the induction
motors. What is the significance of using Y-∆ starter?

1. IN C LANGUAGE: Write a code that makes the MSP430 blink the red LED and the green LED at the same time. The two LEDs should be on at the same time and then off at the same time

. Create a half adder circuit using ladder logic. Use an input module to collect the values from two switches A0 and B0 and an output module to deliver the output Sum and Carry signals to bulbs. Use a ladder diagram to create the logic. You should be able to alter the switches and check the operation of your logic by checking which bulbs come on. You can’t use the logic convertor for ladder logic diagrams. Show your circuit, and then the four diagrams showing which bulbs are on for the four input combinations.

a) Let ?(?) = cos(2??) and ?(?) = cos(20??). Write the mathematical expression for the Fourier transform of ?(?) = 4[1 + 0.5?(?)]?(?) as a function of both ? (rad/s) and ? (Hz) by hand. Moreover, plot the magnitude spectrum of ?(?) by hand as functions of both ? (rad/s) and ? (Hz).

b) By using a 2x1 subplot, plot ?(?) signal in the first row. Take ? between -20 s and 20 s with an increment of 1 ms. Limit the x-axis between -2 s and 2 s. Moreover, calculate and plot the magnitude spectrum of ?(?) as a function of ? (Hz) in the second row of the subplot. Note that, Fourier Transform of ?(?) should be calculated and plotted by using fft and fftshift functions of MATLAB. Limit the x-axis between -15 Hz and 15 Hz. Do not forget axis labels.

Use Verilog to design and implement a function as  c = c+∑b*ai, i is from 1 to 8. Here ai is stored in a SRAM with width as 16 and depth as 8 (8 rows of 16‐bit data), and b is stored in a 16‐bit register. c is initialized as 0.

Please compare : wall-plug efficiency and external quantum efficiency . Why we need these different efficiency ?

For a binary digital source, prove (theoretically) that the maximum source entropy occurs when both messages are equiprobable. What is the maximum value of the source entropy? Demonstrate this concept graphically when the digital source generates 3 possible messages.

1. Design and develop a fuzzy logic system for DC motor speed control

a) Develop the input membership function based on error and change in error as inputs

b) Formulate the rules for the fuzzy based DC motor speed control.

c) Develop and test the fuzzy system using both Mamdani and Sugeno Methods.

B) 3 - phase system, consist of three lines is suspended by a string of 3 similar insulators. When the voltage across the line unit is 30 kV, calculate • The line to neutral voltage, when the shunt capacitance between each insulator and earth is 0.111 of the capacitance of the insulator itself. The string efficiency for the three insulators When you have 4 insulators How can you derive (V).

explain the following, enhance will sketches and describe the output voltage.

- Sinusoidal PWM

- Full bridge inverter single phase

- Bipolar PWM single phase inverter

- Uni-polar WM single phase inverter

- three phase inverter

Derive the state-space equations of a Cuk converter

x[n] is the input of an LTI system with the impulse response of h[n]. x[n] = [1, 2, 3] and h[n] = [4, 6]. Use 4-point DFT and IDFT and zero padding of x[n] and h[n] to find the output y[n].

THESE ARE QUESTION FROM THE TOPIC VARIABLE LOAD ON POWER STATIONS FROM THE SUBJECT POWER SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS PLEASE DO THE QUESTIONS STEP BY STEP AND IN NEAT HAND WRITTING THE ANSWERS ARE GIVEN WITH THE QUESTIONS

1) A generating station has a connected load of 40 MW and a maximum demand of 20 MW : the units generated being 60 × 106. Calculate (i) the demand factor (ii) the load factor.

ANS [(i) 0·5 (ii) 34·25%]

2) A 100 MW powers stations delivers 100 MW for 2 hours, 50 MW for 8 hours and is shut down for the rest of each day. It is also shut down for maintenance for 60 days each year. Calculate its annual load factor.

ANS [21%]

3) A power station is to supply four regions of loads whose peak values are 10,000 kW, 5000 kW, 8000 kW and 7000 kW. The diversity factor of the load at the station is 1.5 and the average annual load factor is 60%. Calculate the maximum demand on the station and annual energy supplied from the station.

ANS [20,000 kW , 105.12x10^6kWh]