4. a) Distinguish between adaptive Huffman coding and Adaptive Arithmetic coding in terms of adaptation rate.

b) Describe how quick changes are adapted and prevented in each method for source statistics? Explain in elaborate?

A bandpass FIR filter, of length nine (nine coefficients) is required. It is to
have lower and upper cut-off frequencies of 3 and 6 kHz respectively and is
intended to be used with a sampling frequency of 20 kHz. Find the filter
coefficients using the Fourier method with a rectangular window.

1.) How would you calibrate a vacuum pressure sensor – draw out a picture and use real devices (Name and model number) in your answer.

2. A digital signal processing system with analog audio signal input in the range of 0-20 Khz uses oversampling techniques and a second order sigma delta modulator to convert the analog signal into a digital bit stream at a rate of 3.072 Mhz.

i) Explain how the digital bit stream may be converted in to a digital multibit stream for x(n).

ii) Determine the overall improvement in signal to quantization noise ratio made possible by oversampling and noise shaping and hence estimate the effective resolution in bits of the digitizer                                                                                                  

From calculus, you know that the derivative and integral are inverse operations; one undoes the effect of the other. Prove that the first difference and the running sum are also inverse operations. That is, show that the cascade of these two systems is identical to the delta function. Explain in detail?

I want the code for the 2D Ising model using Matlab

Please TYPE approximately 300 words discussing the following:

List and describe various features of electronic systems.

List and discuss the steps in designing an embedded system.

Concepts & Principles of Engineering Management

Q1. Name and explain the elements of motivation.

Q2. What is the difference between self-efficacy and self-esteem?

Q3. What are the purposes of interactive communication?

Q4. What are some of the physical health concerns that have been linked to stress?

Q5. Describe, with example, the self-focused impression management techniques.

Verilog counter problem:

Using the attached 4-bit up-counter module and testbench as a template, write a Verilog module that implements a certain 4-bit counter. The module should include two more input variables: “updown” and “count2”.

If “updown” is 1, the circuit should count up (by 1s); if it is 0 it should count down (by 1s).

If “count2” has a value of 1, the circuit should instead count up by 2s; otherwise it will have no effect (the circuit counts normally up or down by 1s).

(Hint: use “if” and “else if” statements. After checking the “Resetn” value, check the value of “count2”).

Simulate the module in EDA Playground. In the testbench, use the following input signals:

    Clock = 0;                       // initial value

    updown = 1;                  // initially count up

    count2 = 0;                    // count-by-2 disabled

    Resetn = 0;                    // reset active

    En = 1;                                           // enable active

    #10

    Resetn = 1;                    // reset disabled

    #40

    updown = 0;                  // count down

    #80

    count2 = 1;                    // count-up-by-2 enabled

    #40

Resolve Example 6.20, except with the generation at bus 2 set to a fixed value (i.e., modeled as off of AGC). Plot the variation in the total hourly cost as the generation at bus 2 is varied between 0 to 200 MW in 5-MW steps, resolving the economic dispatch at each step. What is the relationship between bus 2 generation at the minimum point on this plot and the value from economic dispatch in Example 6.20? Assume a load scalar of 1.0

Example 6.20: PowerWorld Simulator case Example 6_20 uses a five-bus, three-generator lossless case to show the interaction between economic dispatch and the transmission system (see Figure 6.19). The variable operating costs for each of the units are given by C1 = 10P1 + 0.016P 1 Square $yhr C2 =8P2 + 0.018P2 Square $yhr C4 = 12P4 + 0.018P 4 Square $yhr where P1, P2, and P4 are the generator outputs in megawatts. Each generator has minimum/maximum limits of 100 <=P1 <=400 MW 150 <=P2 <= 500 MW 50 <= P4 <=300 MW In addition to solving the power flow equations, PowerWorld Simulator can simultaneously solve the economic dispatch problem to optimally allocate the generation in an area. To turn on this option, select Case Information, Aggregation,
Areas… to view a list of each of the control areas in a case (just one in this example). Then toggle the AGC Status field to ED. Now anytime the power flow equations are solved, the generator outputs are also changed using the economic dispatchInitially, the case has a total load of 392 MW with an economic dispatch of P1 =141 MW, P2 = 181, and P4 = 70, and an incremental operating cost, l, of 14.52 $?MWh. To view a graph showing the incremental cost curves for all of the area generators, right-click on any generator to display the generator’s local menu, and then select All Area Gen IC Curves (right-click on the graph’s axes to change their scaling). To see how changing the load impacts the economic dispatch and power flow solutions, first select Tools, Play to begin the simulation. Then, on the oneline, click on the up/down arrows next to the Load Scalar field. This field is used to scale the load at each bus in the system. Notice that the change in the Total Hourly Cost field is well approximated by the change in the load multiplied by the incremental operating cost. Determine the maximum amount of load this system can supply without overloading any transmission line with the generators dispatched using economic dispatch.

You are designing a satellite communications system with the following parameters:

Satellite parabolic antenna has a diameter of 1 meter

Earth Station parabolic antenna has a diameter of 2.5 meters

Operating frequency of the system is 4 GHz

Transmission system bandwidth of 106 Hz

Satellite transmitter power of 10 watts

Assume earth receiver operating at room temperature (294 kelvin)

a. What is the maximum distance the satellite can be from earth, in kilometers, so that the SNRdb at the earth station is no less that 0db?

b. The ideal (non noise) maximum data rate for this channel is?

c. The maximum data rate with consideration for noise on this channel is?

In Matlab, Design a model for a bandpass filter with a bandwidth of 4000 Hz, and a center frequency as specied below. Once you have the model, it is easy to programmatically change the center frequency.

center frequency: 20 KHz, 24.5 KHz, 29 KHz, 33.5 KHz, 38 KHz, 42.5 KHz, 47 KHz

In Matlab, Design a model for a bandpass filter with a bandwidth of 4000 Hz, and a center frequency as specied below. Once you have the model, it is easy to programmatically change the center frequency.

center frequency: 20 KHz, 24.5 KHz, 29 KHz, 33.5 KHz, 38 KHz, 42.5 KHz, 47 KHz

Design a parallel RLC circuit to have an a) overdamped, b) underdamped, and c) critically damped voltage response. Use matlab to plot the responses on the same graph, labeling each response with the component parameter values. What are the pros/cons of each type of second-order design?

Someone enjoys their coffee at a temperature of 70.0C. The liquid coffe has a mass 470g and must be raised in temperature by 50.0C immediately prior to enjoyment. The specific heat of water is 4.18 joules/(g * C). A standard microwave oven is used to facilitate the transfer of morning energy into the moring coffee. A) if the microwave operates at 80.0% efficiency, how much power output is actually required to perform this task in 120 seconds (answer in kW). B) if the kitche circuit is maintained at standard 120 volts, how much current will the microwave oven be demanding from the kitchen during this 120 sec. microwave opereration (answer in ampere)